Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR)

This thesis presents a study on the development of multiple frequencies Six-Port Reflectometer (SPR) in characterizing pure and adulterated honey through reflection measurement. As honey adulteration is one of major health concern among consumer, thus it has paramount importance in inspecting the q...

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Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Reflectometer Honeybee Microwave detectors Dielectrics
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/3/Declaration%20Form.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-766632022-11-01T02:06:51Z Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR) Cheng, Ee Meng, Dr. This thesis presents a study on the development of multiple frequencies Six-Port Reflectometer (SPR) in characterizing pure and adulterated honey through reflection measurement. As honey adulteration is one of major health concern among consumer, thus it has paramount importance in inspecting the quality of honey. One of proposed methods is to characterize honey by using microwave reflection technique because this technique is simple, rapid and non-destructive. However, due to bulky and expensive PNA network analyzer, thus, SPR is introduced. In this work, reduction of cost and compactness are the main concern in designing Five-Port ring junction circuit. The microstrip Five-Port ring junction circuit was designed using AWR Microwave Office 2002. The fabricated circuit works with PICO analogue-digital converter (ADC), openended coaxial sensor, diode detectors and computing machine to form a complete SPR measurement system. The reflection measurements were conducted on Honey Gold and Trigona Honey for multiple frequencies of 0.60 GHz, 0.64 GHz, 0.80 GHz, 2.28 GHz, 2.42 GHz, 2.82 GHz, 3.47 GHz, 3.75 GHz and 4.21 GHz since most of the developed SPR implement at single frequency. The performance of SPR in reflection measurement was verified by Agilent E8362B PNA Network Analyzer. Besides, dielectric measurement was conducted to investigate its dielectric behavior due to water and sucrose content in honey. It can be noticed that dielectric constant, ε’ decreases when frequency increases. In the meantime, ε’ decreases with increases water and sucrose content for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey. Meanwhile, for water adulterated Honey Gold and Trigona Honey, loss factor, ε” decrease when frequencies increases. In addition, ε” decreases when water content < 36% and < 43% for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey, respectively. It can be found that at 1 GHz to 4 GHz, ε” increases when sucrose content increases which applicable for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey. In reflection measurement, magnitude of reflection coefficient, \|Γ\| decrease when frequency increases for all percentage of water and sucrose content for both honeys. Withal, phase, -φ increases as frequency increases for both water adulterated honeys. -φ varies insignificantly when sucrose content increases for both sucrose adulterated honeys. Furthermore, it was found that all fabricated circuits have good agreement in measurement for \|Г\| and φ. The measurement accuracy of water adulterated between PNA and SPR for both honeys exhibit absolute error less than 0.15 in \|Г\| and absolute error of 17° in φ. Meanwhile, sucrose adulterated honey measurement provides the high accuracy in measurement of sucrose content with absolute error for \|Г\| is less than 0.13 and in φ is 14°. On the other hand, all fabricated SPR circuits are able to provide an accurate prediction in terms of water content and sucrose content. This study shows that the SPR can be an alternative in replacing the bulky and expensive PNA. The SPR is a simple, fast, accurate and portable instrumentation system for characterize pure and adulterated honey. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/76663 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/4/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/1/Page%201-24.pdf 0a46ea1234cb8966c25e02a3d4207100 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/2/Full%20text.pdf b33fae00a2d26727043a0c7618ac57d7 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/3/Declaration%20Form.pdf 1bb7365ebef5e86dec41eb7c64f4d37c Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Reflectometer Honeybee Microwave detectors Dielectrics School of Mechatronic Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Cheng, Ee Meng, Dr.
topic	Reflectometer Honeybee Microwave detectors Dielectrics
spellingShingle	Reflectometer Honeybee Microwave detectors Dielectrics Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR)
description	This thesis presents a study on the development of multiple frequencies Six-Port Reflectometer (SPR) in characterizing pure and adulterated honey through reflection measurement. As honey adulteration is one of major health concern among consumer, thus it has paramount importance in inspecting the quality of honey. One of proposed methods is to characterize honey by using microwave reflection technique because this technique is simple, rapid and non-destructive. However, due to bulky and expensive PNA network analyzer, thus, SPR is introduced. In this work, reduction of cost and compactness are the main concern in designing Five-Port ring junction circuit. The microstrip Five-Port ring junction circuit was designed using AWR Microwave Office 2002. The fabricated circuit works with PICO analogue-digital converter (ADC), openended coaxial sensor, diode detectors and computing machine to form a complete SPR measurement system. The reflection measurements were conducted on Honey Gold and Trigona Honey for multiple frequencies of 0.60 GHz, 0.64 GHz, 0.80 GHz, 2.28 GHz, 2.42 GHz, 2.82 GHz, 3.47 GHz, 3.75 GHz and 4.21 GHz since most of the developed SPR implement at single frequency. The performance of SPR in reflection measurement was verified by Agilent E8362B PNA Network Analyzer. Besides, dielectric measurement was conducted to investigate its dielectric behavior due to water and sucrose content in honey. It can be noticed that dielectric constant, ε’ decreases when frequency increases. In the meantime, ε’ decreases with increases water and sucrose content for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey. Meanwhile, for water adulterated Honey Gold and Trigona Honey, loss factor, ε” decrease when frequencies increases. In addition, ε” decreases when water content < 36% and < 43% for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey, respectively. It can be found that at 1 GHz to 4 GHz, ε” increases when sucrose content increases which applicable for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey. In reflection measurement, magnitude of reflection coefficient, \|Γ\| decrease when frequency increases for all percentage of water and sucrose content for both honeys. Withal, phase, -φ increases as frequency increases for both water adulterated honeys. -φ varies insignificantly when sucrose content increases for both sucrose adulterated honeys. Furthermore, it was found that all fabricated circuits have good agreement in measurement for \|Г\| and φ. The measurement accuracy of water adulterated between PNA and SPR for both honeys exhibit absolute error less than 0.15 in \|Г\| and absolute error of 17° in φ. Meanwhile, sucrose adulterated honey measurement provides the high accuracy in measurement of sucrose content with absolute error for \|Г\| is less than 0.13 and in φ is 14°. On the other hand, all fabricated SPR circuits are able to provide an accurate prediction in terms of water content and sucrose content. This study shows that the SPR can be an alternative in replacing the bulky and expensive PNA. The SPR is a simple, fast, accurate and portable instrumentation system for characterize pure and adulterated honey.
format	Thesis
title	Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR)
title_short	Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR)
title_full	Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR)
title_fullStr	Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR)
title_full_unstemmed	Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR)
title_sort	development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (spr)
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Mechatronic Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76663/3/Declaration%20Form.pdf
_version_	1776104271544057856

Development of pure and adulterated honey measurement system using multiple frequencies six-port reflectometer (SPR)

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