Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis

Brain injury is considered as one of the vital reasons for death worldwide with more than 15 million people suffer from brain stroke attack each year, according to World Health Organization (WHO). The limitations of conventional head imaging techniques such as MRI and CT-scan have been pointed ou...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Microwave imaging Microwave imaging in medicine Reflectometer Ultra-wideband radar
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/3/Declaration%20Form.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-unimap-76743
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimap-767432022-11-08T03:27:51Z Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis Mohd Faizal, Jamlos, Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Brain injury is considered as one of the vital reasons for death worldwide with more than 15 million people suffer from brain stroke attack each year, according to World Health Organization (WHO). The limitations of conventional head imaging techniques such as MRI and CT-scan have been pointed out in the thesis where a portable and prompt diagnosis features are not made possible. Radar-based imaging (RBI) is addressed as a potential solution due to its effectiveness and aptness for a primary diagnosis of brain injury. However, the bulky structure and high-cost of vector network analyzer (VNA) limit the RBI potential. Five port reflectometer (FPR) has potential to substitute VNA. Two prototypes of FPR have been proposed in this thesis. First prototype involves a single negative (SNG) metamaterial array located at the ground of single ring FPR, whereas the second one involves double tier compensating network in additional to the first central ring. In the first prototype, the single ring FPR is designed based on the theoretical parameters integrated with SNG metamaterial array at the ground plane which has been optimized to obtain a larger bandwidth. It is observed that the effective permittivity of the substrate is changed due to the influence of SNG metamaterial which eventually changed the characteristic impedance of the transmission lines of the FPR at the front side of the substrate. The metamaterial array enhances the overall performance of single ring FPR with an increment of 65.62% fractional bandwidth (BW-10 dB) in the first band and 76.23% in the second band as compared to the design without metamaterial array. The first prototype has a dual-band operating zone extending from 0.93 GHz to 2.19 GHz and from 3.27 GHz to 4.49 GHz. The second prototype consists of double tier networks with inter-tier transmission lines and multi-section matching at each of arms. In the evolution of the second prototype, inter-tier transmission lines are shifted by 36˚ (which is half factorized value of inter-port angular distance of 72˚) in several optimizing steps, namely, a) non-shifted b) partially shifted and c) fully shifted design. Fully shifted design which has 36˚ shifted inter-tier and another 36˚ shifted arms has created additional electrical length traversed by inter-port transmission signals to enhance the bandwidth up to 88.04% (from 1.004 GHz to 2.583 GHz). In addition of bandwidth achievement, such compactness of proposed FPR is contributed by the curved lines at the outer matching sections which enable a reduction of 43.09% in length and 43.12% in width compared to the non-compact design. Both prototypes have been fabricated and measured. Discrepancies between simulated and measured results are assessed using mean absolute deviation. The 88.04% bandwidth of the proposed fully shifted FPR is the highest bandwidth among literatures which potentially leads to a higher accuracy of microwave imaging-based brain injury diagnosis. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/76743 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/4/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/1/Page%201-24.pdf 9c79e6ed8702e1158c7007929d77399d http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/2/Full%20text.pdf ef430e80c0e3f909c77e3b8032f5a466 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/3/Declaration%20Form.pdf 659c4ebe81b30f935471e41320afbb92 Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Microwave imaging Microwave imaging in medicine Reflectometer Ultra-wideband radar School of Computer and Communication Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Mohd Faizal, Jamlos, Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr.
topic	Microwave imaging Microwave imaging in medicine Reflectometer Ultra-wideband radar
spellingShingle	Microwave imaging Microwave imaging in medicine Reflectometer Ultra-wideband radar Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis
description	Brain injury is considered as one of the vital reasons for death worldwide with more than 15 million people suffer from brain stroke attack each year, according to World Health Organization (WHO). The limitations of conventional head imaging techniques such as MRI and CT-scan have been pointed out in the thesis where a portable and prompt diagnosis features are not made possible. Radar-based imaging (RBI) is addressed as a potential solution due to its effectiveness and aptness for a primary diagnosis of brain injury. However, the bulky structure and high-cost of vector network analyzer (VNA) limit the RBI potential. Five port reflectometer (FPR) has potential to substitute VNA. Two prototypes of FPR have been proposed in this thesis. First prototype involves a single negative (SNG) metamaterial array located at the ground of single ring FPR, whereas the second one involves double tier compensating network in additional to the first central ring. In the first prototype, the single ring FPR is designed based on the theoretical parameters integrated with SNG metamaterial array at the ground plane which has been optimized to obtain a larger bandwidth. It is observed that the effective permittivity of the substrate is changed due to the influence of SNG metamaterial which eventually changed the characteristic impedance of the transmission lines of the FPR at the front side of the substrate. The metamaterial array enhances the overall performance of single ring FPR with an increment of 65.62% fractional bandwidth (BW-10 dB) in the first band and 76.23% in the second band as compared to the design without metamaterial array. The first prototype has a dual-band operating zone extending from 0.93 GHz to 2.19 GHz and from 3.27 GHz to 4.49 GHz. The second prototype consists of double tier networks with inter-tier transmission lines and multi-section matching at each of arms. In the evolution of the second prototype, inter-tier transmission lines are shifted by 36˚ (which is half factorized value of inter-port angular distance of 72˚) in several optimizing steps, namely, a) non-shifted b) partially shifted and c) fully shifted design. Fully shifted design which has 36˚ shifted inter-tier and another 36˚ shifted arms has created additional electrical length traversed by inter-port transmission signals to enhance the bandwidth up to 88.04% (from 1.004 GHz to 2.583 GHz). In addition of bandwidth achievement, such compactness of proposed FPR is contributed by the curved lines at the outer matching sections which enable a reduction of 43.09% in length and 43.12% in width compared to the non-compact design. Both prototypes have been fabricated and measured. Discrepancies between simulated and measured results are assessed using mean absolute deviation. The 88.04% bandwidth of the proposed fully shifted FPR is the highest bandwidth among literatures which potentially leads to a higher accuracy of microwave imaging-based brain injury diagnosis.
format	Thesis
title	Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis
title_short	Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis
title_full	Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis
title_fullStr	Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis
title_full_unstemmed	Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis
title_sort	symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Computer and Communication Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/76743/3/Declaration%20Form.pdf
_version_	1776104275113410560

Symmetric wideband five port reflectometer for microwave-imaging based brain injury diagnosis

Similar Items