The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films

The coconut shell (CS) regenerated cellulose (RC) biocomposite films were produced with CS and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) using N.N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride by solution casting technique. The effect of CS content and different types of chemical modifications using butyl methacrylate...

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Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Composite materials Cellulose > Biodegradation Coconut shell (CS) Biocomposite films Cellulose composites Biocomposites
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/4/Farah%20Norain.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-771682022-11-24T07:18:22Z The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films Marliza, Mostapha@Zakaria The coconut shell (CS) regenerated cellulose (RC) biocomposite films were produced with CS and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) using N.N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride by solution casting technique. The effect of CS content and different types of chemical modifications using butyl methacrylate acid (BMA), lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) on tensile properties, X-ray diffraction, morphology, thermal properties and FTIR were investigated. The addition of CS into the regenerated cellulose matrix increased the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity up to 3 wt% of CS content but reduced at 4 wt% of CS. The elongation at break of CS-RC biocomposite films reduced with increasing CS content up to 3 wt% and increased at 4 wt% of CS. The crystallinity index (CrI) and thermal properties also increased with the incorporation of CS content up to 3 wt% and reduced at 4 wt%. The morphological study of CS-RC biocomposite films exhibited at 3 wt% CS content has better dispersion into the RC matrix. The decomposition at maximum temperature (Tdmax) and residue of CS-RC biocomposite films increased with increasing of CS content. Weight loss at temperature 300 and 600 °C decreased with increment of CS content in RC biocomposite films. The chemical modifications of CS-RC biocomposite films improved crystallinity index, tensile and thermal properties of CS-RC biocomposite films at 3 wt% of CS content. Treated CS-RC biocomposite films with BMA, LA and AA exhibit higher tensile strength, modulus elasticity, crystallinity index and thermal stability compared to the untreated CS-RC biocomposite films. The better interfacial interaction between the CS and RC matrix was supported by SEM study which showed smooth surface on the tensile fracture surface of treated RC biocomposite films. The FTIR spectra of treated CS-RC biocomposite films indicated the formation of esterification reaction between CS and chemical modifying agent. The CS treatment with AA has the highest tensile properties and CrI compared with the treatment with LA and BMA of biocomposite films. However, the better thermal stability of CS-RC biocomposite films was found with CS treated with BMA. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/77168 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/1/Page%201-24.pdf 1def5617d6944860c205d9295f12bac0 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/2/Full%20text.pdf 95b3580d3bfca55cce5dd0b6f3ea708f http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/4/Farah%20Norain.pdf 046dafca0f03645f5aec14c7358715c6 Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Composite materials Cellulose -- Biodegradation Coconut shell (CS) Biocomposite films Cellulose composites Biocomposites School of Materials Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Marliza, Mostapha@Zakaria
topic	Composite materials Cellulose -- Biodegradation Coconut shell (CS) Biocomposite films Cellulose composites Biocomposites
spellingShingle	Composite materials Cellulose -- Biodegradation Coconut shell (CS) Biocomposite films Cellulose composites Biocomposites The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films
description	The coconut shell (CS) regenerated cellulose (RC) biocomposite films were produced with CS and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) using N.N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride by solution casting technique. The effect of CS content and different types of chemical modifications using butyl methacrylate acid (BMA), lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) on tensile properties, X-ray diffraction, morphology, thermal properties and FTIR were investigated. The addition of CS into the regenerated cellulose matrix increased the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity up to 3 wt% of CS content but reduced at 4 wt% of CS. The elongation at break of CS-RC biocomposite films reduced with increasing CS content up to 3 wt% and increased at 4 wt% of CS. The crystallinity index (CrI) and thermal properties also increased with the incorporation of CS content up to 3 wt% and reduced at 4 wt%. The morphological study of CS-RC biocomposite films exhibited at 3 wt% CS content has better dispersion into the RC matrix. The decomposition at maximum temperature (Tdmax) and residue of CS-RC biocomposite films increased with increasing of CS content. Weight loss at temperature 300 and 600 °C decreased with increment of CS content in RC biocomposite films. The chemical modifications of CS-RC biocomposite films improved crystallinity index, tensile and thermal properties of CS-RC biocomposite films at 3 wt% of CS content. Treated CS-RC biocomposite films with BMA, LA and AA exhibit higher tensile strength, modulus elasticity, crystallinity index and thermal stability compared to the untreated CS-RC biocomposite films. The better interfacial interaction between the CS and RC matrix was supported by SEM study which showed smooth surface on the tensile fracture surface of treated RC biocomposite films. The FTIR spectra of treated CS-RC biocomposite films indicated the formation of esterification reaction between CS and chemical modifying agent. The CS treatment with AA has the highest tensile properties and CrI compared with the treatment with LA and BMA of biocomposite films. However, the better thermal stability of CS-RC biocomposite films was found with CS treated with BMA.
format	Thesis
title	The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films
title_short	The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films
title_full	The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films
title_fullStr	The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films
title_sort	effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Materials Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77168/4/Farah%20Norain.pdf
_version_	1776104234184343552

The effect of filler content and chemical modifications on properties of coconut shell regenerated cellulose biocomposite films

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