Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands

Continuous use of the synthetic herbicides to control weeds in agricultural production can have an adverse impact on the environment and the ecosystems creating safety and health concerns to the operators, consumers and the community. However, it is the resistance to the synthetic herbicides that de...

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Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Allelopathic agents Weeds > Control Allelochemicals Weeds > Biological control Essences and essential oils
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/3/Ahmad%20Abdulwahid.pdf
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id	my-unimap-78022
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Ibnu Hajar, Rukunudin, Prof. Ir. Dr.
topic	Allelopathic agents Weeds -- Control Allelochemicals Weeds -- Biological control Essences and essential oils
spellingShingle	Allelopathic agents Weeds -- Control Allelochemicals Weeds -- Biological control Essences and essential oils Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands
description	Continuous use of the synthetic herbicides to control weeds in agricultural production can have an adverse impact on the environment and the ecosystems creating safety and health concerns to the operators, consumers and the community. However, it is the resistance to the synthetic herbicides that developed in the targeted weeds and its consequent that provide strong justification for the need to develop an eco-friendly, natural and low risk but effective alternative bioherbicides. The study thus explores the benefits of using plant’s allelopathic potential that manifested in its essential oil, as an alternative herbicide. The research involved the isolation of the essential oils from eight selected plant species of Cupressus macrocarpa Hartweg. (Goldcrest), Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. (Tea tree), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng (Spanish thyme), Cymbopogon nardus L. (Lemongrass), Pelargonium radula Cav. (Radula geranium), Baeckea frutescens L. (Cucur atap), Murraya koenigii L. (Curry tree) and Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Sojak (Kesum plant) by steam distillation. Isolated essential oils were screened for their herbicidal activity as preemergence applied at three concentrations on two major weed types (2 grassy and 2 broad leaves weed species) grown under bioassay laboratory and pot culture conditions. The compounds were characterized using GC-MS. The phytotoxic effects of the eight essential oils were also evaluated on the four weeds as postemergence by analyzing the total chlorophyll content, relative electrolyte leakage, cellular respiration and stomata mechanism in the leaf membrane. The most effective essential oils were then evaluated as postemergence by applying singly and in a combination of two essential oils on widely known weed grown in the open field and compared with the known synthetic herbicide, Halexone (H130) as a control. The best essential oils were selected based on their efficacy of more than 70 % inhibition. The results showed that the oils isolated from C. macrocarpa, C. nardus and P. radula were the most effective in inhibiting seed germination and seedling growth completely in laboratory bioassay and caused the most severe effects on weeds grown under the pot culture. GC-MS analysis showed monoterpene was the most dominant and effective component of all essential oils followed by sesquiterpene and phenylpropanoids. The phytotoxic experiment showed total chlorophyll content, relative electrolyte leakage and cellular respiration were significantly affected by the application of the bioherbicides. The effects increased by increasing the oil concentration. There was a significant influence of the essential oils on plant membranes affecting the stomata mechanism, rupturing cell membrane, dissolution of its contents which eventually kill the weeds. The application of essential oils as postemergence herbicides to weed grown in the open field showed desirable efficiency against the weeds as non-selected contact bioherbicides comparable with the performance of the conventional synthetic herbicides H130. Application of the essential oils formulated in combinations improved the phytotoxic effects as compared to using oils singly. The combination of C. macrocarpa and P. radula at 5% each proved to produce the best phytotoxic effects in suppressing weed population.
format	Thesis
title	Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands
title_short	Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands
title_full	Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands
title_fullStr	Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands
title_full_unstemmed	Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands
title_sort	allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in malaysian croplands
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Bioprocess Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/3/Ahmad%20Abdulwahid.pdf
_version_	1776104279887577088
spelling	my-unimap-780222023-04-04T02:02:36Z Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands Ibnu Hajar, Rukunudin, Prof. Ir. Dr. Continuous use of the synthetic herbicides to control weeds in agricultural production can have an adverse impact on the environment and the ecosystems creating safety and health concerns to the operators, consumers and the community. However, it is the resistance to the synthetic herbicides that developed in the targeted weeds and its consequent that provide strong justification for the need to develop an eco-friendly, natural and low risk but effective alternative bioherbicides. The study thus explores the benefits of using plant’s allelopathic potential that manifested in its essential oil, as an alternative herbicide. The research involved the isolation of the essential oils from eight selected plant species of Cupressus macrocarpa Hartweg. (Goldcrest), Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. (Tea tree), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng (Spanish thyme), Cymbopogon nardus L. (Lemongrass), Pelargonium radula Cav. (Radula geranium), Baeckea frutescens L. (Cucur atap), Murraya koenigii L. (Curry tree) and Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Sojak (Kesum plant) by steam distillation. Isolated essential oils were screened for their herbicidal activity as preemergence applied at three concentrations on two major weed types (2 grassy and 2 broad leaves weed species) grown under bioassay laboratory and pot culture conditions. The compounds were characterized using GC-MS. The phytotoxic effects of the eight essential oils were also evaluated on the four weeds as postemergence by analyzing the total chlorophyll content, relative electrolyte leakage, cellular respiration and stomata mechanism in the leaf membrane. The most effective essential oils were then evaluated as postemergence by applying singly and in a combination of two essential oils on widely known weed grown in the open field and compared with the known synthetic herbicide, Halexone (H130) as a control. The best essential oils were selected based on their efficacy of more than 70 % inhibition. The results showed that the oils isolated from C. macrocarpa, C. nardus and P. radula were the most effective in inhibiting seed germination and seedling growth completely in laboratory bioassay and caused the most severe effects on weeds grown under the pot culture. GC-MS analysis showed monoterpene was the most dominant and effective component of all essential oils followed by sesquiterpene and phenylpropanoids. The phytotoxic experiment showed total chlorophyll content, relative electrolyte leakage and cellular respiration were significantly affected by the application of the bioherbicides. The effects increased by increasing the oil concentration. There was a significant influence of the essential oils on plant membranes affecting the stomata mechanism, rupturing cell membrane, dissolution of its contents which eventually kill the weeds. The application of essential oils as postemergence herbicides to weed grown in the open field showed desirable efficiency against the weeds as non-selected contact bioherbicides comparable with the performance of the conventional synthetic herbicides H130. Application of the essential oils formulated in combinations improved the phytotoxic effects as compared to using oils singly. The combination of C. macrocarpa and P. radula at 5% each proved to produce the best phytotoxic effects in suppressing weed population. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/78022 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/4/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/1/Page%201-24.pdf 4293ee1d33948f1851da6b0d31c533ce http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/2/Full%20text.pdf ab472ef13305ca1e9bd0ab45343dde4d http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78022/3/Ahmad%20Abdulwahid.pdf 44abde3fba50ab8ff63ece89552ced5e Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Allelopathic agents Weeds -- Control Allelochemicals Weeds -- Biological control Essences and essential oils School of Bioprocess Engineering

Allelopathic potential of essential oils isolated from local plants on common weeds found in Malaysian croplands

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