The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite

This research is mainly focused on the preparation and characterization of polyurethane foam (PUF) with the addition of kenaf fiber and flame retardants, which are expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH). Kenaf core fiber was ground into 63 μm in size and was used as the natural fille...

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Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Foamed materials Polyurethanes Kenaf Polyurethane foam (PUF) Fibers Kenaf fibers Composites Natural fiber
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/4/Nur%20Suhaili.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-782122023-03-23T07:22:36Z The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite Rozyanty, Rahman, Dr. This research is mainly focused on the preparation and characterization of polyurethane foam (PUF) with the addition of kenaf fiber and flame retardants, which are expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH). Kenaf core fiber was ground into 63 μm in size and was used as the natural filler in the PUF at different amount which are 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%. Various amount of EG (5, 10 and 15 wt%) and ATH (2, 4 and 6 wt%) was incorporated into the PUF. EG was milled for 1 hour and 30 minutes in a ball mill machine which in turn produces EG particles with 100 μm in size. The composites were prepared by the mixture of palm oil based polyol and isocyanate with the ratio of 1:1.1. The PUF composites were prepared through mixing process by using a mechanical stirrer with 2000 rpm speed. The effect of different amount of filler loading and flame retardant on the PUF was studied to determine the rising time, density, compression properties, flammability behavior, thermal analysis and morphological studies. From the results obtained, it showed that PUF filled with kenaf fiber takes shorter rise time compared to the PUF filled with flame retardants. While, density values were increased with the increasing amount of filler and flame retardant into the PUF matrix. For mechanical study, compression strength and modulus of the PUF composites was reduced as the amount of kenaf fiber and flame retardants were increased. The mechanical strength was improved for PUF/15EG and PUF/KF/15EG due to the large surface area provided by the pulverized EG particles. Based on LOI and flammability test, it was recorded that PUF with the highest amount of flame retardants and with the presence of kenaf fiber (PUF/KF/6ATH/15EG) shows excellent flame retardancy properties. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/78212 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/1/Page%201-24.pdf 18df8a03e72310cb716d38316c3f41d9 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/2/Full%20text.pdf 0141cd5fc29ebd73ecfe766fdd53cb4a http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/4/Nur%20Suhaili.pdf 9dcfaaa88b300f6d7e62ca180f6fcf41 Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Foamed materials Polyurethanes Kenaf Polyurethane foam (PUF) Fibers Kenaf fibers Composites Natural fiber School of Materials Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Rozyanty, Rahman, Dr.
topic	Foamed materials Polyurethanes Kenaf Polyurethane foam (PUF) Fibers Kenaf fibers Composites Natural fiber
spellingShingle	Foamed materials Polyurethanes Kenaf Polyurethane foam (PUF) Fibers Kenaf fibers Composites Natural fiber The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite
description	This research is mainly focused on the preparation and characterization of polyurethane foam (PUF) with the addition of kenaf fiber and flame retardants, which are expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH). Kenaf core fiber was ground into 63 μm in size and was used as the natural filler in the PUF at different amount which are 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%. Various amount of EG (5, 10 and 15 wt%) and ATH (2, 4 and 6 wt%) was incorporated into the PUF. EG was milled for 1 hour and 30 minutes in a ball mill machine which in turn produces EG particles with 100 μm in size. The composites were prepared by the mixture of palm oil based polyol and isocyanate with the ratio of 1:1.1. The PUF composites were prepared through mixing process by using a mechanical stirrer with 2000 rpm speed. The effect of different amount of filler loading and flame retardant on the PUF was studied to determine the rising time, density, compression properties, flammability behavior, thermal analysis and morphological studies. From the results obtained, it showed that PUF filled with kenaf fiber takes shorter rise time compared to the PUF filled with flame retardants. While, density values were increased with the increasing amount of filler and flame retardant into the PUF matrix. For mechanical study, compression strength and modulus of the PUF composites was reduced as the amount of kenaf fiber and flame retardants were increased. The mechanical strength was improved for PUF/15EG and PUF/KF/15EG due to the large surface area provided by the pulverized EG particles. Based on LOI and flammability test, it was recorded that PUF with the highest amount of flame retardants and with the presence of kenaf fiber (PUF/KF/6ATH/15EG) shows excellent flame retardancy properties.
format	Thesis
title	The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite
title_short	The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite
title_full	The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite
title_fullStr	The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite
title_sort	effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Materials Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78212/4/Nur%20Suhaili.pdf
_version_	1776104242596020224

The effect of flame retardant additive on the properties of kenaf/polyurethane foam composite

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