Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity

Asian arowana, Scleropages formosus or locally known as ‘ikan Kelisa’ is one of Malaysia potential resource. Asian arowana is native to Southeast Asia and it fetches extremely high price in ornamental fish industry. Due to unsustainable management and habitat deterioration they became rare and po...

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Main Author:	Mohd Khairulazman, Bin Sulaiman
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	SH Aquaculture Fisheries Angling
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10804/8/M%20Khairulazman.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.10804
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimas-ir.108042024-04-24T00:45:44Z Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity 2015 Mohd Khairulazman, Bin Sulaiman SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling Asian arowana, Scleropages formosus or locally known as ‘ikan Kelisa’ is one of Malaysia potential resource. Asian arowana is native to Southeast Asia and it fetches extremely high price in ornamental fish industry. Due to unsustainable management and habitat deterioration they became rare and possibly extinct in their natural habitat. Hence, they are listed in Appendix I in Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and listed as ‘Endangered’ species in the International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species under species name Scleropages formosus. This study is designed to document the baseline data regarding the water quality of Asian arowana culture in earthen ponds, breeding behaviour of Asian arowana, artificial incubation of Asian arowana eggs and to discover genetic diversity of Asian arowana in captivity and phylogeny among colour varieties of Asian arowana. Weekly monitoring of in-situ ambience water quality had revealed pond water temperature, turbidity and hardness might influence the mating behaviour of Asian arowana. Spawning behaviour starts with pairing of one male and one female, swimming side by side in a precise manner followed by swimming into deeper parts of the ponds possibly for mating. In this study, custom-made incubators were also tested. Incubator A, which produce eggs movement rate up to 0.8 cm/s, has shown potential as incubator for arowana eggs with 95% survival rate. Meanwhile, 16S rRNA gene sequence were obtained from Asian arowana in this study revealed that sequence data matched 99% identical to S. formosus, Red arowana (GenBank accession number: JN984803.1). In addition, analysis also concluded that Golden Arowana from Bukit Merah and Bau farm has 0.2% genetic diversity which indicates high similarity in genetic composition. Besides, Asian arowana from Bau farm has greater genetic diversity (0.4%) from Bukit Merah (0.0%). Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis shows that genus Scleropages were monophyletic and low genetic divergence was detected among each colour variants of S. formosus (<2%) indicates intra-specific variation of the species regardless of its colour variety. This finding challenges the proposed classification of Asian arowana based on its colour variety. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS) 2015 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10804/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10804/8/M%20Khairulazman.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS) Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	SH Aquaculture Fisheries Angling
spellingShingle	SH Aquaculture Fisheries Angling Mohd Khairulazman, Bin Sulaiman Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity
description	Asian arowana, Scleropages formosus or locally known as ‘ikan Kelisa’ is one of Malaysia potential resource. Asian arowana is native to Southeast Asia and it fetches extremely high price in ornamental fish industry. Due to unsustainable management and habitat deterioration they became rare and possibly extinct in their natural habitat. Hence, they are listed in Appendix I in Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and listed as ‘Endangered’ species in the International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species under species name Scleropages formosus. This study is designed to document the baseline data regarding the water quality of Asian arowana culture in earthen ponds, breeding behaviour of Asian arowana, artificial incubation of Asian arowana eggs and to discover genetic diversity of Asian arowana in captivity and phylogeny among colour varieties of Asian arowana. Weekly monitoring of in-situ ambience water quality had revealed pond water temperature, turbidity and hardness might influence the mating behaviour of Asian arowana. Spawning behaviour starts with pairing of one male and one female, swimming side by side in a precise manner followed by swimming into deeper parts of the ponds possibly for mating. In this study, custom-made incubators were also tested. Incubator A, which produce eggs movement rate up to 0.8 cm/s, has shown potential as incubator for arowana eggs with 95% survival rate. Meanwhile, 16S rRNA gene sequence were obtained from Asian arowana in this study revealed that sequence data matched 99% identical to S. formosus, Red arowana (GenBank accession number: JN984803.1). In addition, analysis also concluded that Golden Arowana from Bukit Merah and Bau farm has 0.2% genetic diversity which indicates high similarity in genetic composition. Besides, Asian arowana from Bau farm has greater genetic diversity (0.4%) from Bukit Merah (0.0%). Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis shows that genus Scleropages were monophyletic and low genetic divergence was detected among each colour variants of S. formosus (<2%) indicates intra-specific variation of the species regardless of its colour variety. This finding challenges the proposed classification of Asian arowana based on its colour variety.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd Khairulazman, Bin Sulaiman
author_facet	Mohd Khairulazman, Bin Sulaiman
author_sort	Mohd Khairulazman, Bin Sulaiman
title	Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity
title_short	Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity
title_full	Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity
title_fullStr	Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity
title_full_unstemmed	Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity
title_sort	asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS)
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2015
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10804/8/M%20Khairulazman.pdf
_version_	1804888383776882688

Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity

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