Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia

Raw milk (unpasteurized milk) is known as a good medium for numerous infectious diseases and susceptible to contamination by many microorganisms including pathogenic microbes, which can cause food-borne illness and become threat to consumer’s health. However, demand for raw milk persisted and devel...

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Main Author:	Ernie Suhaiza, Radzi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/23846/1/Ernie%20Suhaiza%20Binti%20Radzi%20ft.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.23846
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimas-ir.238462023-05-16T01:15:15Z Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia 2017 Ernie Suhaiza, Radzi Q Science (General) Raw milk (unpasteurized milk) is known as a good medium for numerous infectious diseases and susceptible to contamination by many microorganisms including pathogenic microbes, which can cause food-borne illness and become threat to consumer’s health. However, demand for raw milk persisted and developed along with the public’s interest in minimally processed products. In this study, 200 raw milk samples were purchased from 6 selected dairy farms in Sarawak. Samples comprised of 100 raw goat milk and other 100 raw cow milk. Samples were examined for occurrence of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium using enumeration of MPN (most probable number) method and were screened for the presence of shiga toxins (stx) genes for E. coli O157:H7 and fliC genes for S. typhimurium. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was 13% (n=26) for stx1 and/or stx2 with MPN value greater than 3.0 (>1100 MPN per mL). While the prevalence for S. typhimurium was 16% (n=32) for fliC gene with MPN more than 1100 per mL. These demonstrate genetic variability as the different strains would have variations in virulence and pathogenicity. Genotyping which consisted of BOX- and ERIC-PCR were performed to evaluate the relatedness of E. coli and S. typhimurium strains isolated. All isolates were related to their location so they were grouped in such a way that they were most related to each other from same sampling sites. Both genotyping methods given the equally high reliability with Simpson index of diversity for among E. coli isolates were 0.989 and 0.992 for BOX, 0.997 and 0.980 for ERIC-PCR for both cow and goat milk respectively. While S. typhimurium isolates were 0.985 and 0.999 for BOX, 0.900 and 0.872 for ERIC-PCR for both cow and goat milk respectively. Hence, these results demonstrate the presence of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium in raw milk samples in the study area and revealed the potential risk of illness. However, raw milk is suggested to go through pasteurization process for hygiene and safety. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS) 2017 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/23846/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/23846/1/Ernie%20Suhaiza%20Binti%20Radzi%20ft.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Faculty of Resource Science & Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Ernie Suhaiza, Radzi Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia
description	Raw milk (unpasteurized milk) is known as a good medium for numerous infectious diseases and susceptible to contamination by many microorganisms including pathogenic microbes, which can cause food-borne illness and become threat to consumer’s health. However, demand for raw milk persisted and developed along with the public’s interest in minimally processed products. In this study, 200 raw milk samples were purchased from 6 selected dairy farms in Sarawak. Samples comprised of 100 raw goat milk and other 100 raw cow milk. Samples were examined for occurrence of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium using enumeration of MPN (most probable number) method and were screened for the presence of shiga toxins (stx) genes for E. coli O157:H7 and fliC genes for S. typhimurium. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was 13% (n=26) for stx1 and/or stx2 with MPN value greater than 3.0 (>1100 MPN per mL). While the prevalence for S. typhimurium was 16% (n=32) for fliC gene with MPN more than 1100 per mL. These demonstrate genetic variability as the different strains would have variations in virulence and pathogenicity. Genotyping which consisted of BOX- and ERIC-PCR were performed to evaluate the relatedness of E. coli and S. typhimurium strains isolated. All isolates were related to their location so they were grouped in such a way that they were most related to each other from same sampling sites. Both genotyping methods given the equally high reliability with Simpson index of diversity for among E. coli isolates were 0.989 and 0.992 for BOX, 0.997 and 0.980 for ERIC-PCR for both cow and goat milk respectively. While S. typhimurium isolates were 0.985 and 0.999 for BOX, 0.900 and 0.872 for ERIC-PCR for both cow and goat milk respectively. Hence, these results demonstrate the presence of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium in raw milk samples in the study area and revealed the potential risk of illness. However, raw milk is suggested to go through pasteurization process for hygiene and safety.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Ernie Suhaiza, Radzi
author_facet	Ernie Suhaiza, Radzi
author_sort	Ernie Suhaiza, Radzi
title	Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia
title_short	Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia
title_full	Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia
title_sort	detection, enumeration and genotyping of e. coli, e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium from raw milk at selected farms in the southern region of sarawak, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science & Technology
publishDate	2017
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/23846/1/Ernie%20Suhaiza%20Binti%20Radzi%20ft.pdf
_version_	1783728232519958528

Detection, Enumeration and Genotyping of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from Raw Milk at selected farms in the Southern Region of Sarawak, Malaysia

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