Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia

Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia

Due to high phenotypic variation and synonyms of Suncus murinus based on different geographic region, a study on the systematics of Suncus murinus population focusing on Malaysia Borneo samples were conducted by inferring the mitochondrial DNA gene sequences accompanied by morphological variation an...

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Main Author: Qhairil Shyamri, Rosli
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
QL Zoology
Online Access:http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/26707/1/Qhairil%20%20ft.pdf
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id my-unimas-ir.26707
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language English
topic Q Science (General)
QL Zoology
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
QL Zoology
Qhairil Shyamri, Rosli
Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia
description Due to high phenotypic variation and synonyms of Suncus murinus based on different geographic region, a study on the systematics of Suncus murinus population focusing on Malaysia Borneo samples were conducted by inferring the mitochondrial DNA gene sequences accompanied by morphological variation analysis of the cranio-dental characters. The aim of this study was to identify the phylogenetic relationship based on mtDNA cytochrome b marker of Malaysian Borneo S. murinus population in comparison with other populations from Peninsular Malaysia and other Southeast Asia countries. The phylogenetic inference was obtained based on Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, Neighbour Joining and Bayesian inference conducted in MEGA v7.2 and MrBayes software. The SPSS v 21.0 software was utilised to conduct the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) based on 14 cranio-dental characters looking into characters overlapping and best characters to distinguish between populations. A total of 56 partial cytochrome b gene sequences with 940 base pair in length were used in the phylogenetic interpretation which resulted in distinct grouping of Malaysian Borneo (Sarawak) population from the Peninsular Malaysia population and other Southeast Asia countries. Based on the phylogenetic inferences, four major clades of S. murinus subspecies was recovered as S. m. caerulescens group, S. m. murinus group, S. m. subspecies 1 group and S. m. kandianus/montanus complex group. According to the generated phylogeny, it can hypothesised that the Malaysian Borneo population can be considered as a separate subspecies or a new subspecies due to unique cladding of the representatives. Malaysian Borneo S. murinus was more closely related to the population from Myanmar and Perak compared to the other geographic region and the highest genetic distance (8.8%) was between populations from Sri Lanka and Japan. Comparing the populations within Malaysia, vii the highest genetic distance (6.5%) was between Terengganu-Perak and Terengganu-Sarawak. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conducted on 14 cranio-dental characters were not able to separate the between populations. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted on greatest length skull (GLS) measurement resulted in distinction between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo Malaysia population for male individuals. Following that, the study was intrigued to pinpoint the diversification route and dispersal events that was undergone by Malaysian Borneo S. murinus population. This was examined by utilising BEAST v6.2 to estimate the divergence time of S. murinus between geographic regions and the S-DIVALIKE via BioGeoBears conducted in RASP v1.1 software to identify the ancestral range probability of each node. Following the results, it is evident that the earliest split of S. murinus in Asia started ~2.66 Mya during the Pliocene separating the Sri Lanka population, the parental ancestor, from the other populations. Moving into the Pleistocene, the divergence was observed beginning at ~2.01 Mya and the most recent splits was ~0.13 Mya. The ancestral range distribution showed that S. murinus ancestor in Asia originate from the Indian plate. This was supported by ancestral distribution probability of p=0.717. In conclusion, the findings suggest an early dispersal of the ancestral population to Malaysian Borneo as a result of exposed land bridges and hull fouling during the Holocene. It was shown that the Malaysian Borneo lineages possibly distinct from the lineages that occur in the other Sunda plate countries and was directly descended from the Sri Lankan population. This was later depicted by the morphological variation of the population. Thus, the Sarawak population should be considered as a potential biological subspecies and regarded as a distinct subspecies of S. murinus. Further examination involving other existing S. murinus subspecies should be conducted using different genetic marker.
format Thesis
qualification_level Master's degree
author Qhairil Shyamri, Rosli
author_facet Qhairil Shyamri, Rosli
author_sort Qhairil Shyamri, Rosli
title Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia
title_short Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia
title_full Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia
title_fullStr Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia
title_full_unstemmed Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia
title_sort phylogenetics, systematics and genetic diversification of musk shrew (suncus murinus) in southeast asia
granting_institution Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate 2019
url http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/26707/1/Qhairil%20%20ft.pdf
_version_ 1783728322627239936
spelling my-unimas-ir.267072023-09-15T06:47:39Z Phylogenetics, Systematics and Genetic Diversification of Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Southeast Asia 2019-09-03 Qhairil Shyamri, Rosli Q Science (General) QL Zoology Due to high phenotypic variation and synonyms of Suncus murinus based on different geographic region, a study on the systematics of Suncus murinus population focusing on Malaysia Borneo samples were conducted by inferring the mitochondrial DNA gene sequences accompanied by morphological variation analysis of the cranio-dental characters. The aim of this study was to identify the phylogenetic relationship based on mtDNA cytochrome b marker of Malaysian Borneo S. murinus population in comparison with other populations from Peninsular Malaysia and other Southeast Asia countries. The phylogenetic inference was obtained based on Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, Neighbour Joining and Bayesian inference conducted in MEGA v7.2 and MrBayes software. The SPSS v 21.0 software was utilised to conduct the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) based on 14 cranio-dental characters looking into characters overlapping and best characters to distinguish between populations. A total of 56 partial cytochrome b gene sequences with 940 base pair in length were used in the phylogenetic interpretation which resulted in distinct grouping of Malaysian Borneo (Sarawak) population from the Peninsular Malaysia population and other Southeast Asia countries. Based on the phylogenetic inferences, four major clades of S. murinus subspecies was recovered as S. m. caerulescens group, S. m. murinus group, S. m. subspecies 1 group and S. m. kandianus/montanus complex group. According to the generated phylogeny, it can hypothesised that the Malaysian Borneo population can be considered as a separate subspecies or a new subspecies due to unique cladding of the representatives. Malaysian Borneo S. murinus was more closely related to the population from Myanmar and Perak compared to the other geographic region and the highest genetic distance (8.8%) was between populations from Sri Lanka and Japan. Comparing the populations within Malaysia, vii the highest genetic distance (6.5%) was between Terengganu-Perak and Terengganu-Sarawak. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conducted on 14 cranio-dental characters were not able to separate the between populations. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted on greatest length skull (GLS) measurement resulted in distinction between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo Malaysia population for male individuals. Following that, the study was intrigued to pinpoint the diversification route and dispersal events that was undergone by Malaysian Borneo S. murinus population. This was examined by utilising BEAST v6.2 to estimate the divergence time of S. murinus between geographic regions and the S-DIVALIKE via BioGeoBears conducted in RASP v1.1 software to identify the ancestral range probability of each node. Following the results, it is evident that the earliest split of S. murinus in Asia started ~2.66 Mya during the Pliocene separating the Sri Lanka population, the parental ancestor, from the other populations. Moving into the Pleistocene, the divergence was observed beginning at ~2.01 Mya and the most recent splits was ~0.13 Mya. The ancestral range distribution showed that S. murinus ancestor in Asia originate from the Indian plate. This was supported by ancestral distribution probability of p=0.717. In conclusion, the findings suggest an early dispersal of the ancestral population to Malaysian Borneo as a result of exposed land bridges and hull fouling during the Holocene. It was shown that the Malaysian Borneo lineages possibly distinct from the lineages that occur in the other Sunda plate countries and was directly descended from the Sri Lankan population. This was later depicted by the morphological variation of the population. Thus, the Sarawak population should be considered as a potential biological subspecies and regarded as a distinct subspecies of S. murinus. Further examination involving other existing S. murinus subspecies should be conducted using different genetic marker. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) 2019-09 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/26707/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/26707/1/Qhairil%20%20ft.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Faculty of Resource Science and Technology

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