Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia

This study reports the heavy metals content in water, sediment and fishes of Baram River. Water samples were digested according to open acid digestion method whilst sediment and fish were digested using microwave digestion. The samples were subjected to Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer...

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Main Author:	Mugilan, Rajendran
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/26729/2/Mugilan%20%20Rajendran.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.26729
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.267292023-03-27T03:45:53Z Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia 2017 Mugilan, Rajendran TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology This study reports the heavy metals content in water, sediment and fishes of Baram River. Water samples were digested according to open acid digestion method whilst sediment and fish were digested using microwave digestion. The samples were subjected to Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer for metals (AI, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) analysis. Hg was analysed using mercury analyser. The metals concentration in water was compared with NSDWQ guidelines whereas for sediment, Sediment Quality Guidelines was used. In water, Al (0.34 mgIL) and Fe (0.86 mg/L) were found close to/above the guidelines at stations with settlement, land erosion and logging activities. Al (39,215 mg/kg) and Fe (21,073 mg/kg) were predominantly found in sediment due to the natural abundance. Contamination assessment suggests no concern of pollution in sediment at the moment however; some stations at downstream were characterized with increasing metals. Gills accumulated relatively average higher concentrations of Al (293 .01 mg/kg), Fe (171.10 mg/kg), Mn (77.36 mg/kg) and Zn (103 .74 mg/kg) whilst Hg (0.79 mg/kg) was consistently found in elevated concentration in muscle. Carnivorous species including Hampala bimaculala and Kryploplems apogon shows hazard index more than I. In comparison to the guideline, herbivorous Barbonymlls schwanenfeldii (2.3 1 mg/kg w/w) and Punliopliles waandersi (3 .59 mg/kg w/w) shows higher Al concentration compared to permissible level (2.0 mg/kg w/w). Futhermore, Kryploptel1ls apogon (0.34 mg/kg w/w) and Hampala bimaclllala (0.26 mg/kg w/w) found Hg concentration slightly below the permissible level 0.5 mg/kg w/w. The results of this study indicate that the water, sediment and fishes are categorized as low risk of contamination, thus no pollution and the consumption of the fish are safe except the 4 species mentioned above. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) 2017 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/26729/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/26729/2/Mugilan%20%20Rajendran.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology Mugilan, Rajendran Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia
description	This study reports the heavy metals content in water, sediment and fishes of Baram River. Water samples were digested according to open acid digestion method whilst sediment and fish were digested using microwave digestion. The samples were subjected to Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer for metals (AI, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) analysis. Hg was analysed using mercury analyser. The metals concentration in water was compared with NSDWQ guidelines whereas for sediment, Sediment Quality Guidelines was used. In water, Al (0.34 mgIL) and Fe (0.86 mg/L) were found close to/above the guidelines at stations with settlement, land erosion and logging activities. Al (39,215 mg/kg) and Fe (21,073 mg/kg) were predominantly found in sediment due to the natural abundance. Contamination assessment suggests no concern of pollution in sediment at the moment however; some stations at downstream were characterized with increasing metals. Gills accumulated relatively average higher concentrations of Al (293 .01 mg/kg), Fe (171.10 mg/kg), Mn (77.36 mg/kg) and Zn (103 .74 mg/kg) whilst Hg (0.79 mg/kg) was consistently found in elevated concentration in muscle. Carnivorous species including Hampala bimaculala and Kryploplems apogon shows hazard index more than I. In comparison to the guideline, herbivorous Barbonymlls schwanenfeldii (2.3 1 mg/kg w/w) and Punliopliles waandersi (3 .59 mg/kg w/w) shows higher Al concentration compared to permissible level (2.0 mg/kg w/w). Futhermore, Kryploptel1ls apogon (0.34 mg/kg w/w) and Hampala bimaclllala (0.26 mg/kg w/w) found Hg concentration slightly below the permissible level 0.5 mg/kg w/w. The results of this study indicate that the water, sediment and fishes are categorized as low risk of contamination, thus no pollution and the consumption of the fish are safe except the 4 species mentioned above.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mugilan, Rajendran
author_facet	Mugilan, Rajendran
author_sort	Mugilan, Rajendran
title	Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia
title_short	Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia
title_full	Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia
title_sort	distribution of heavy metals in water, sediment and fishes of the baram river of northern sarawak, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2017
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/26729/2/Mugilan%20%20Rajendran.pdf
_version_	1783728324666720256

Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fishes of the Baram River of Northern Sarawak, Malaysia

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