Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia

An assessment of heavy metal concentrations in wild-captured giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from their natural environment is important since it is susceptible to the environmental pollution due to the rapid developments and human activities along the rivers. Therefore, the obje...

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Main Author:	Masania, Binti Mohd Basri
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	GE Environmental Sciences Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27493/2/Bioaccumulation%20of%20Heavy%20Metals%20in%20Giant%20Freshwater%20Prawn.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.274932023-03-21T08:43:21Z Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia 2019-10-16 Masania, Binti Mohd Basri GE Environmental Sciences Q Science (General) An assessment of heavy metal concentrations in wild-captured giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from their natural environment is important since it is susceptible to the environmental pollution due to the rapid developments and human activities along the rivers. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) determine the selected metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Al and Hg) concentration in muscle tissues, exoskeleton and gills of M. rosenbergii, (2) investigate the relationship between sizes, genders and metals concentration and (3) assess sediment contamination level and food safety indices in the samples. The prawn, water and sediment samples were collected from six rivers (i.e. Sarawak River, Kayan River, Kerang River, Kuap River, Tuang River and Meranek River) during low tides. The off-line preconcentration technique coupled with the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) was used to analyze Cd, Co, Cu, Zn and Al, while Hg was analyzed by using the Flow Injection Mercury System (FIMS) in acid digested prawn, sediment and water samples. The general trends of metals concentration for all rivers were as follow: Hg (0.001-0.530 mg/kg ) < Cd (0.0300- 1.943 mg/kg) < Co (0.020-8.824 mg/kg) < Al (0.640-9.850 mg/kg) < Zn (0.510-109.10 mg/kg) < Cu (0.850-146.480 mg/kg), with their concentrations were higher in gills > exoskeleton > muscle tissues. The correlation between metals concentration and total length of the prawn samples showed relatively positive correlation in all samples from all rivers indicated that metals concentration was higher with increasing of the prawn sizes. In general, male prawn samples contained higher concentrations of metals than female prawns (p < 0.05). The significant differences in concentrations of metals between males and females possibly contributed from their diets, metabolic rates, hormonal and reproductive status. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed that all river sediments were classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted. The iv contamination factors (CF) were ranged from 0 to 3 and classified as low to moderate contaminations. The enrichment factors (EF) were categorised in depletion of minerals level and moderately contaminated level. The food safety indices showed that Cu and Zn were among the highest daily intake of metal (DIM), while Cd have the highest health risk index (HRI) to the consumer thus may impose potential health risk. The highest hazard index (HI) was observed in the sample from Sarawak River (0.69) while the lowest was in the sample from Kerang River (0.25). Thus, the samples from Sarawak River may be hazardous if consumed in an excessive amount. In conclusion, all metals concentrations in M. rosenbergii were below the permissible limits when compared to JECFA (2012) and MFA (1983) except the Cd in Sarawak River. However, regular monitoring on the metals concentration in M. rosenbergii and river sediments need to be done to control the anthropogenic sources of pollutants. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) 2019-10 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27493/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27493/2/Bioaccumulation%20of%20Heavy%20Metals%20in%20Giant%20Freshwater%20Prawn.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	GE Environmental Sciences Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	GE Environmental Sciences Q Science (General) Masania, Binti Mohd Basri Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia
description	An assessment of heavy metal concentrations in wild-captured giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from their natural environment is important since it is susceptible to the environmental pollution due to the rapid developments and human activities along the rivers. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) determine the selected metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Al and Hg) concentration in muscle tissues, exoskeleton and gills of M. rosenbergii, (2) investigate the relationship between sizes, genders and metals concentration and (3) assess sediment contamination level and food safety indices in the samples. The prawn, water and sediment samples were collected from six rivers (i.e. Sarawak River, Kayan River, Kerang River, Kuap River, Tuang River and Meranek River) during low tides. The off-line preconcentration technique coupled with the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) was used to analyze Cd, Co, Cu, Zn and Al, while Hg was analyzed by using the Flow Injection Mercury System (FIMS) in acid digested prawn, sediment and water samples. The general trends of metals concentration for all rivers were as follow: Hg (0.001-0.530 mg/kg ) < Cd (0.0300- 1.943 mg/kg) < Co (0.020-8.824 mg/kg) < Al (0.640-9.850 mg/kg) < Zn (0.510-109.10 mg/kg) < Cu (0.850-146.480 mg/kg), with their concentrations were higher in gills > exoskeleton > muscle tissues. The correlation between metals concentration and total length of the prawn samples showed relatively positive correlation in all samples from all rivers indicated that metals concentration was higher with increasing of the prawn sizes. In general, male prawn samples contained higher concentrations of metals than female prawns (p < 0.05). The significant differences in concentrations of metals between males and females possibly contributed from their diets, metabolic rates, hormonal and reproductive status. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed that all river sediments were classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted. The iv contamination factors (CF) were ranged from 0 to 3 and classified as low to moderate contaminations. The enrichment factors (EF) were categorised in depletion of minerals level and moderately contaminated level. The food safety indices showed that Cu and Zn were among the highest daily intake of metal (DIM), while Cd have the highest health risk index (HRI) to the consumer thus may impose potential health risk. The highest hazard index (HI) was observed in the sample from Sarawak River (0.69) while the lowest was in the sample from Kerang River (0.25). Thus, the samples from Sarawak River may be hazardous if consumed in an excessive amount. In conclusion, all metals concentrations in M. rosenbergii were below the permissible limits when compared to JECFA (2012) and MFA (1983) except the Cd in Sarawak River. However, regular monitoring on the metals concentration in M. rosenbergii and river sediments need to be done to control the anthropogenic sources of pollutants.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Masania, Binti Mohd Basri
author_facet	Masania, Binti Mohd Basri
author_sort	Masania, Binti Mohd Basri
title	Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_short	Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_full	Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia
title_sort	bioaccumulation of heavy metals in giant freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii from selected rivers in sarawak, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2019
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27493/2/Bioaccumulation%20of%20Heavy%20Metals%20in%20Giant%20Freshwater%20Prawn.pdf
_version_	1783728340431011840

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Selected Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia

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