Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae)

Schismatoglottis Calyptrata complex is the most widespread complex in genus Schismatoglottis and is extremely variable in vegetative and inflorescence structures. Taxonomy, pollination biology, and phylogeny of ten species of Calyptrata complex were investigated. Eight novel species (S. adducta S.Y....

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Main Author:	Hoe, Yin Chen
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	SB Plant culture
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/30840/1/Hoe%20Yin.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.308402023-04-17T07:50:59Z Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae) 2016 Hoe, Yin Chen SB Plant culture Schismatoglottis Calyptrata complex is the most widespread complex in genus Schismatoglottis and is extremely variable in vegetative and inflorescence structures. Taxonomy, pollination biology, and phylogeny of ten species of Calyptrata complex were investigated. Eight novel species (S. adducta S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. baangongensis S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. caesia S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. giamensis S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. laxipistillata S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. pantiensis S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. pseudoniahensis S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe and S. roh S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe) were described; Schismatoglottis muluensis M.Hotta is resurrected and S. calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi is re-circumscribed. The main pollinator for all species of Calyptrata complex is Colocasiomyia spp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae); secondary pollinator is Cycreon sp. (Hydrophiloideae: Hydrophilidae); opportunist pollinator is Chaleonus spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Parastasia spp. (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae); visitors are Trigona sp. (Apinae: Meliponini), Pteromalidae wasps, Chironomidae flies and Atheta sp. (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae, except as secondary pollinator in S. muluensis). The floral scent serve to attract the insects and a moderately constricted spathe trapping mechanism serve to retain the visited insects during pistillate anthesis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed all investigated species of Calyptrata complex emitted ester compound class, especially the dominant compound of 3-butenoic acid, 3-methyl-, methyl ester (> 96.35 %) and small relative amount of 2-butenoic acid, 3-methyl-, methyl ester (0.09 – 0.72 %). The floral scent of different inflorescence parts (S. baangongensis, S. giamensis and S. adducta) showed the appendix emitted the highest total amount (ng/hr) and number of floral compond at period I (0600 – 0800) during pistillate anthesis, followed by spathe, staminate flower zone and pistillate flower zone. Thermogenesis is biphasic in S. adducta, S. calyptrata, S. giamensis, S. pseudoniahensis and S. roh Ar1240, with the first peak occurred during pistillate anthesis, the second was during staminate anthesis. matK gene region produced a well resolved tree topology than ITS gene region for phylogeny constructed from 21 species of Calyptrata complex. A reduced phylogeny of eleven accessions representing ten taxa based on matK gene region was used for subsequent locality, insect visitors, floral scent and morphological characters optimization. The tree partially resolved the relationship among species in Calyptrata complex. All species of the Calyptrata complex species are pollinated by Colocasiomyia flies and detected to emit 3-butenoic, 3- methyl, methyl ester and 2-butenoic acid, 3-methyl, methyl ester (except floral scent of S. pesudoniahensis is not sampled). The species of Calyptrata complex showed distinctive relationships: Schismatoglottis calyptrata which was not visited by beetles, has very few interpistillar staminodes (6 – 12); species of Calyptrata complex in Peninsular Malaysia which were visited by Chaleonus beetles, bear few interpistillar staminodes (13 – 66); species of Calyptrata complex in Sarawak, which were visited by Chaleonus beetles and Parastasia beetles (S. muluensis, S. baangongensis, S. roh Ar2445 and S. roh Ar1240), bear average to many interpistillar staminodes (80 – 469). Universiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS) 2016 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/30840/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/30840/1/Hoe%20Yin.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS) Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	SB Plant culture
spellingShingle	SB Plant culture Hoe, Yin Chen Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae)
description	Schismatoglottis Calyptrata complex is the most widespread complex in genus Schismatoglottis and is extremely variable in vegetative and inflorescence structures. Taxonomy, pollination biology, and phylogeny of ten species of Calyptrata complex were investigated. Eight novel species (S. adducta S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. baangongensis S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. caesia S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. giamensis S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. laxipistillata S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. pantiensis S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe, S. pseudoniahensis S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe and S. roh S.Y.Wong & Y.C.Hoe) were described; Schismatoglottis muluensis M.Hotta is resurrected and S. calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi is re-circumscribed. The main pollinator for all species of Calyptrata complex is Colocasiomyia spp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae); secondary pollinator is Cycreon sp. (Hydrophiloideae: Hydrophilidae); opportunist pollinator is Chaleonus spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Parastasia spp. (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae); visitors are Trigona sp. (Apinae: Meliponini), Pteromalidae wasps, Chironomidae flies and Atheta sp. (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae, except as secondary pollinator in S. muluensis). The floral scent serve to attract the insects and a moderately constricted spathe trapping mechanism serve to retain the visited insects during pistillate anthesis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed all investigated species of Calyptrata complex emitted ester compound class, especially the dominant compound of 3-butenoic acid, 3-methyl-, methyl ester (> 96.35 %) and small relative amount of 2-butenoic acid, 3-methyl-, methyl ester (0.09 – 0.72 %). The floral scent of different inflorescence parts (S. baangongensis, S. giamensis and S. adducta) showed the appendix emitted the highest total amount (ng/hr) and number of floral compond at period I (0600 – 0800) during pistillate anthesis, followed by spathe, staminate flower zone and pistillate flower zone. Thermogenesis is biphasic in S. adducta, S. calyptrata, S. giamensis, S. pseudoniahensis and S. roh Ar1240, with the first peak occurred during pistillate anthesis, the second was during staminate anthesis. matK gene region produced a well resolved tree topology than ITS gene region for phylogeny constructed from 21 species of Calyptrata complex. A reduced phylogeny of eleven accessions representing ten taxa based on matK gene region was used for subsequent locality, insect visitors, floral scent and morphological characters optimization. The tree partially resolved the relationship among species in Calyptrata complex. All species of the Calyptrata complex species are pollinated by Colocasiomyia flies and detected to emit 3-butenoic, 3- methyl, methyl ester and 2-butenoic acid, 3-methyl, methyl ester (except floral scent of S. pesudoniahensis is not sampled). The species of Calyptrata complex showed distinctive relationships: Schismatoglottis calyptrata which was not visited by beetles, has very few interpistillar staminodes (6 – 12); species of Calyptrata complex in Peninsular Malaysia which were visited by Chaleonus beetles, bear few interpistillar staminodes (13 – 66); species of Calyptrata complex in Sarawak, which were visited by Chaleonus beetles and Parastasia beetles (S. muluensis, S. baangongensis, S. roh Ar2445 and S. roh Ar1240), bear average to many interpistillar staminodes (80 – 469).
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Hoe, Yin Chen
author_facet	Hoe, Yin Chen
author_sort	Hoe, Yin Chen
title	Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae)
title_short	Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae)
title_full	Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae)
title_fullStr	Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae)
title_full_unstemmed	Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae)
title_sort	taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of schismatoglottis calyptrata complex (schismatoglottideae: araceae)
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS)
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2016
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/30840/1/Hoe%20Yin.pdf
_version_	1783728392638562304

Taxonomy, pollination biology and phylogenetic analysis of Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae)

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