Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that will lead to neurological diseases and death in humans in extreme cases. Up to date, there are currently no specific anti-viral medications and curative treatment for JEV. Therefore, early, effective and accurate diagnosis of...

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Main Author:	Lai, Huat Choi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34959/1/24%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34959/4/Lai.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.34959
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Lai, Huat Choi Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen
description	Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that will lead to neurological diseases and death in humans in extreme cases. Up to date, there are currently no specific anti-viral medications and curative treatment for JEV. Therefore, early, effective and accurate diagnosis of JEV infection by using a point-of-care, simple, rapid and economical biosensor is very critical for the prevention and control of JEV outbreaks. A biosensor is an analytical device containing biocatalyst and a transducer for point-of-care screening which converts any diseases or harmful biological events to detectable signals. Designing and fabricating biosensors with a higher rate of reaction and sensitivity has to become popular among researchers due to the emergence of nanotechnology. In recent decades, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have attracted numerous researchers to study their nanoscience and nanotechnology potential comparing to other nanoparticles due to their special characteristics especially their optical and electrochemical properties which turn them into potential candidates for bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, and photodynamic applications and most importantly CNPs are easier to synthesize, environmental friendly and low cost. In this study, based on the electrical conductivity performance of CNPs derived from the various types of precursor characterized by using cyclic voltammetry, (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, (EIS), chitosan CNPs with the smallest size and performed highest electrical conductivity are selected for further modification in order to fabricate a higher rate of reaction and sensitivity of electrochemical biosensor. Carbon nanoparticles modified on screen-printed carbon electrode (CNPs-SPCE) electrochemical biosensor strip has been successfully fabricated by immobilized JEV antibody onto the surfaces of carbon nanoparticles through amide bonds formed between amino groups of CNPs and carboxylic groups of JEV antibody. The analytical performance of the CNPs- iv SPCE electrochemical biosensor strip was characterized using CV and EIS. CNPs-SPCE electrochemical biosensor strip exhibited a linear detection range of 1 − 20 ngmL−1 with a low limiyt of detection (LOD) of 0.36 ngmL−1 (at S/N = 3) for JEV, detection sensitivity was 0.024 ngmL−1 for JEV and analysis results were obtainable within 10 minutes. In order to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of the CNPs-SPCE electrochemical biosensor strip, the addition of Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto CNPs to produce the hybrid Gold-Carbon nanoparticles (Au-CNPs) which provides a higher effective surface area, catalytic activity and electrical conductivity has been successfully fabricated. The analytical performance of hybrid Gold-Carbon nanoparticles modified on screen-printed carbon electrode (Au-CNPsSPCE) electrochemical biosensor strips was characterized using CV and EIS. Au-CNPsSPCE electrochemical biosensor strip exhibited a linear detection range of 1 − 20 ngmL−1 with an extremely low LOD of 0.29 ngmL−1 (at S/N = 3) for JEV, detection sensitivity was 0.04 ngmL−1 for JEV and responding time is 10 minutes. The potential clinical application of this Au-CNPs-SPCE electrochemical biosensor strip was demonstrated by the detection of JEV in human serum while the selectivity of this biosensor strip was also proven by using Dengue antigen. In conclusion, virus infections can cause serious diseases to humans and animals as certain viruses could spread rapidly within a very short period. Hence, the fabrication of this accurate and fast biosensor for early detection of viruses is often crucial for clinical diagnosis and therapy
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Lai, Huat Choi
author_facet	Lai, Huat Choi
author_sort	Lai, Huat Choi
title	Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen
title_short	Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen
title_full	Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen
title_fullStr	Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen
title_full_unstemmed	Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen
title_sort	chitosan derived nanoparticles –based sensing probes for detection of japanese encephalitis (je) antigen
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2021
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34959/1/24%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34959/4/Lai.pdf
_version_	1783728442995376128
spelling	my-unimas-ir.349592023-06-23T02:32:01Z Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen 2021 Lai, Huat Choi Q Science (General) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that will lead to neurological diseases and death in humans in extreme cases. Up to date, there are currently no specific anti-viral medications and curative treatment for JEV. Therefore, early, effective and accurate diagnosis of JEV infection by using a point-of-care, simple, rapid and economical biosensor is very critical for the prevention and control of JEV outbreaks. A biosensor is an analytical device containing biocatalyst and a transducer for point-of-care screening which converts any diseases or harmful biological events to detectable signals. Designing and fabricating biosensors with a higher rate of reaction and sensitivity has to become popular among researchers due to the emergence of nanotechnology. In recent decades, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have attracted numerous researchers to study their nanoscience and nanotechnology potential comparing to other nanoparticles due to their special characteristics especially their optical and electrochemical properties which turn them into potential candidates for bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, and photodynamic applications and most importantly CNPs are easier to synthesize, environmental friendly and low cost. In this study, based on the electrical conductivity performance of CNPs derived from the various types of precursor characterized by using cyclic voltammetry, (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, (EIS), chitosan CNPs with the smallest size and performed highest electrical conductivity are selected for further modification in order to fabricate a higher rate of reaction and sensitivity of electrochemical biosensor. Carbon nanoparticles modified on screen-printed carbon electrode (CNPs-SPCE) electrochemical biosensor strip has been successfully fabricated by immobilized JEV antibody onto the surfaces of carbon nanoparticles through amide bonds formed between amino groups of CNPs and carboxylic groups of JEV antibody. The analytical performance of the CNPs- iv SPCE electrochemical biosensor strip was characterized using CV and EIS. CNPs-SPCE electrochemical biosensor strip exhibited a linear detection range of 1 − 20 ngmL−1 with a low limiyt of detection (LOD) of 0.36 ngmL−1 (at S/N = 3) for JEV, detection sensitivity was 0.024 ngmL−1 for JEV and analysis results were obtainable within 10 minutes. In order to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of the CNPs-SPCE electrochemical biosensor strip, the addition of Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto CNPs to produce the hybrid Gold-Carbon nanoparticles (Au-CNPs) which provides a higher effective surface area, catalytic activity and electrical conductivity has been successfully fabricated. The analytical performance of hybrid Gold-Carbon nanoparticles modified on screen-printed carbon electrode (Au-CNPsSPCE) electrochemical biosensor strips was characterized using CV and EIS. Au-CNPsSPCE electrochemical biosensor strip exhibited a linear detection range of 1 − 20 ngmL−1 with an extremely low LOD of 0.29 ngmL−1 (at S/N = 3) for JEV, detection sensitivity was 0.04 ngmL−1 for JEV and responding time is 10 minutes. The potential clinical application of this Au-CNPs-SPCE electrochemical biosensor strip was demonstrated by the detection of JEV in human serum while the selectivity of this biosensor strip was also proven by using Dengue antigen. In conclusion, virus infections can cause serious diseases to humans and animals as certain viruses could spread rapidly within a very short period. Hence, the fabrication of this accurate and fast biosensor for early detection of viruses is often crucial for clinical diagnosis and therapy Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) 2021 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34959/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34959/1/24%20pages.pdf text en public http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34959/4/Lai.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Faculty of Resource Science and Technology

Chitosan Derived Nanoparticles –based Sensing Probes for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Antigen

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