Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia

The Kejaman community is a small indigenous group living in the interior of Belaga, along the Balui River, in the Kapit Division of Sarawak, Malaysia. This study investigated the social network, language use and language ability among the Kejaman Community in Malaysia. The specific objectives of the...

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Main Author:	Amee, Joan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	P Philology Linguistics
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38690/4/Thesis_Amee%20Joan%20-%20cutted.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38690/9/Amee%20Joan%20%28ft%29.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.38690
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	P Philology Linguistics
spellingShingle	P Philology Linguistics Amee, Joan Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia
description	The Kejaman community is a small indigenous group living in the interior of Belaga, along the Balui River, in the Kapit Division of Sarawak, Malaysia. This study investigated the social network, language use and language ability among the Kejaman Community in Malaysia. The specific objectives of the study were to (1) compare the use of Kejaman to Malay, English, Chinese, Iban, Kayan, and Mixed Language by the three generations of Kejaman speakers; (2) determine the language ability of the three generations of Kejaman speakers to speak Kejaman, Malay, English, Iban, Kayan, and Mixed Language, and (3) compare the generational differences in the social network patterns of the Kejaman community. This study involved three generations of Kejaman speakers from two longhouses (Rumah Kejaman Neh Long Litten and Rumah Kejaman Ba Segaham) in Belaga. Data were collected from 123 participants through a questionnaire survey. The study employed Milroy's (1987) framework for social network analysis. In terms of language use, the study found that Mixed Language had the highest percentage of users, followed by the Kejaman language and the Iban language. Languages with the lowest percentage of users were Malay, English, Kayan and Chinese. The results of the study indicate that the older generation of the Kejaman community still speaks their native language, while the younger generation is switching to other languages. Additionally, findings from this study found there was a shift from monolingualism to multilingualism across three generations in the Kejaman community. Language ability varied significantly between the older and younger generations. The first and second generation had higher abilities in using their native language than Malay, English, Iban, Kayan, and Mixed Language. As for the third generation, their ability to speak their native language has significantly declined. Based on the analysis of the social networks for the Kejaman community, the participants had more exchange networks than interactive networks. The exchange networks played a significant role in matters concerning families, money, properties, financial matters, as well as matters related to their cultural traditions and customs, such as funerals, deaths, and taboos. Interactive networks dominated matters related to health, grocery shopping, ICT, and work. In terms of density and multiplexity, results showed there were only slight differences between the three generations. All three generations had low density scores, indicating that they had few social networks. Results from multiplexity analysis showed that the majority of participants had uniplex social networks. Based on a four-matrix quadrant chart, the Kejaman community involved in this study falls into two quadrants; Quadrant 3 (Low density, Uniplex) and Quadrant 4 (High density, Uniplex). Keywords: Language shift and maintenance, domains of language use, social network patterns, density, Kejaman community
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Amee, Joan
author_facet	Amee, Joan
author_sort	Amee, Joan
title	Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia
title_short	Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia
title_full	Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia
title_sort	social network, language use and language ability among the kejaman community, malaysia
granting_institution	UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
granting_department	FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
publishDate	2022
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38690/4/Thesis_Amee%20Joan%20-%20cutted.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38690/9/Amee%20Joan%20%28ft%29.pdf
_version_	1804888414642765824
spelling	my-unimas-ir.386902024-06-27T01:32:03Z Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia 2022-02-15 Amee, Joan P Philology. Linguistics The Kejaman community is a small indigenous group living in the interior of Belaga, along the Balui River, in the Kapit Division of Sarawak, Malaysia. This study investigated the social network, language use and language ability among the Kejaman Community in Malaysia. The specific objectives of the study were to (1) compare the use of Kejaman to Malay, English, Chinese, Iban, Kayan, and Mixed Language by the three generations of Kejaman speakers; (2) determine the language ability of the three generations of Kejaman speakers to speak Kejaman, Malay, English, Iban, Kayan, and Mixed Language, and (3) compare the generational differences in the social network patterns of the Kejaman community. This study involved three generations of Kejaman speakers from two longhouses (Rumah Kejaman Neh Long Litten and Rumah Kejaman Ba Segaham) in Belaga. Data were collected from 123 participants through a questionnaire survey. The study employed Milroy's (1987) framework for social network analysis. In terms of language use, the study found that Mixed Language had the highest percentage of users, followed by the Kejaman language and the Iban language. Languages with the lowest percentage of users were Malay, English, Kayan and Chinese. The results of the study indicate that the older generation of the Kejaman community still speaks their native language, while the younger generation is switching to other languages. Additionally, findings from this study found there was a shift from monolingualism to multilingualism across three generations in the Kejaman community. Language ability varied significantly between the older and younger generations. The first and second generation had higher abilities in using their native language than Malay, English, Iban, Kayan, and Mixed Language. As for the third generation, their ability to speak their native language has significantly declined. Based on the analysis of the social networks for the Kejaman community, the participants had more exchange networks than interactive networks. The exchange networks played a significant role in matters concerning families, money, properties, financial matters, as well as matters related to their cultural traditions and customs, such as funerals, deaths, and taboos. Interactive networks dominated matters related to health, grocery shopping, ICT, and work. In terms of density and multiplexity, results showed there were only slight differences between the three generations. All three generations had low density scores, indicating that they had few social networks. Results from multiplexity analysis showed that the majority of participants had uniplex social networks. Based on a four-matrix quadrant chart, the Kejaman community involved in this study falls into two quadrants; Quadrant 3 (Low density, Uniplex) and Quadrant 4 (High density, Uniplex). Keywords: Language shift and maintenance, domains of language use, social network patterns, density, Kejaman community UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK 2022-02 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38690/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38690/4/Thesis_Amee%20Joan%20-%20cutted.pdf text en public http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38690/9/Amee%20Joan%20%28ft%29.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Abdizadeh, H. (2020). Attitudes of Iranian Community Parents in Australia towards their Children’s Language Maintenance. Heritage Language Journal, 17(3), 310-331. Alagappar, P. N., Dealwis, C., & David, K. (2018). 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Social Network, Language Use and Language Ability among the Kejaman Community, Malaysia

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