Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas

Existing localized biochar reactors are typically economical for producing biochar. However, it requires experience, skill, and labor to operate and maintain the reactor. This research developed a novel biochar reactor design, combining the Top-lit Updraft (TLUD) gasifier and double barrel retort co...

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Main Author:	Karlvin, Jungan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38763/5/Karlvin.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.38763
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimas-ir.387632024-01-04T06:43:42Z Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas 2022-06-30 Karlvin, Jungan TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Existing localized biochar reactors are typically economical for producing biochar. However, it requires experience, skill, and labor to operate and maintain the reactor. This research developed a novel biochar reactor design, combining the Top-lit Updraft (TLUD) gasifier and double barrel retort concepts to simplify the operation and maintenance of the reactor. At the same time, it reliably produces biochar safe for treating water. The pilot-scale study involved experimenting with various configurations of the chimney, air inlet opening, and feedstock using a 23 cm (L) x 23 cm (W) x 70 cm (H) reactor model to understand the effect on the combustion performance and biochar yield. The full-scale study involved further investigation of the effect of the chimney on the combustion process and biochar yield in a 1.3 m (L) x 1.3 m (W) x 1.5 m (H) full-scale reactor to finalize the biochar reactor design. The laboratory-scale study involved the determination of suitable precursors by pyrolyzing various precursors under controlled conditions to determine the biochar yield, followed by analyzing the physicochemical and adsorption characteristics. The pilot-scale study showed that the chimney D:H ratio affected the draft of the reactor (which subsequently affected the temperature profile), primary and secondary air openings were essential to achieve complete combustion of feedstock and volatile gas, respectively, and feedstock affected the combustion temperature and duration as range favorable for pyrolysis of biochar is between 600 and 900 °C for about 60 to 90 min respectively. A 0.2 m (dia) x 1.5 m (H) chimney showed the best performance in regulating fuel combustion, achieving uniform pyrolytic temperature distribution, and consistent pyrolytic conditions for producing biochar in smokeless emission. A series of physicochemical characterization and adsorption studies showed bamboo was a suitable precursor for producing biochar, mainly attributed to the consistent biochar yield averagely of 30% (high lignin content), high surface area and porosity, well-developed and homogeneous microscopes structure, carbon content above 60%, and favorable adsorption capacity. The development of this novel biochar reactor has enabled the rural area community to manage their agriculture waste sustainably. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2022-06 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38763/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38763/5/Karlvin.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
spellingShingle	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering Karlvin, Jungan Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas
description	Existing localized biochar reactors are typically economical for producing biochar. However, it requires experience, skill, and labor to operate and maintain the reactor. This research developed a novel biochar reactor design, combining the Top-lit Updraft (TLUD) gasifier and double barrel retort concepts to simplify the operation and maintenance of the reactor. At the same time, it reliably produces biochar safe for treating water. The pilot-scale study involved experimenting with various configurations of the chimney, air inlet opening, and feedstock using a 23 cm (L) x 23 cm (W) x 70 cm (H) reactor model to understand the effect on the combustion performance and biochar yield. The full-scale study involved further investigation of the effect of the chimney on the combustion process and biochar yield in a 1.3 m (L) x 1.3 m (W) x 1.5 m (H) full-scale reactor to finalize the biochar reactor design. The laboratory-scale study involved the determination of suitable precursors by pyrolyzing various precursors under controlled conditions to determine the biochar yield, followed by analyzing the physicochemical and adsorption characteristics. The pilot-scale study showed that the chimney D:H ratio affected the draft of the reactor (which subsequently affected the temperature profile), primary and secondary air openings were essential to achieve complete combustion of feedstock and volatile gas, respectively, and feedstock affected the combustion temperature and duration as range favorable for pyrolysis of biochar is between 600 and 900 °C for about 60 to 90 min respectively. A 0.2 m (dia) x 1.5 m (H) chimney showed the best performance in regulating fuel combustion, achieving uniform pyrolytic temperature distribution, and consistent pyrolytic conditions for producing biochar in smokeless emission. A series of physicochemical characterization and adsorption studies showed bamboo was a suitable precursor for producing biochar, mainly attributed to the consistent biochar yield averagely of 30% (high lignin content), high surface area and porosity, well-developed and homogeneous microscopes structure, carbon content above 60%, and favorable adsorption capacity. The development of this novel biochar reactor has enabled the rural area community to manage their agriculture waste sustainably.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Karlvin, Jungan
author_facet	Karlvin, Jungan
author_sort	Karlvin, Jungan
title	Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas
title_short	Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas
title_full	Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas
title_fullStr	Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas
title_full_unstemmed	Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas
title_sort	design of a natural draft biochar reactor for sustainable biomass waste management in rural areas
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Civil Engineering
publishDate	2022
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/38763/5/Karlvin.pdf
_version_	1794023031974133760

Design of a Natural Draft Biochar Reactor for Sustainable Biomass Waste Management in Rural Areas

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