Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju

In Malaysia, sawdust is widely used for the cultivation of mushrooms. Due to the scarcity and increasing cost of sawdust, this research investigated the feasibility of employing sago hampas as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju. In Sarawak, sago hampas is discarded...

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Main Author:	Michelle Ngassy, Mering
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	Q Science (General) QR Microbiology S Agriculture (General) SB Plant culture T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39196/5/Master%20Thesis_%20Michelle%20Ngassy%20Mering-fulltext.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.391962023-03-13T03:51:34Z Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju 2022-06-22 Michelle Ngassy, Mering Q Science (General) QR Microbiology S Agriculture (General) SB Plant culture T Technology (General) In Malaysia, sawdust is widely used for the cultivation of mushrooms. Due to the scarcity and increasing cost of sawdust, this research investigated the feasibility of employing sago hampas as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju. In Sarawak, sago hampas is discarded into the river together with wastewater or incinerated, causing water and air pollution. Morphology of P. sajor-caju cultured on PDA medium was white coloured, fluffy with well-developed aerial mycelium. In this study, sago hampas recorded 8% less carbon (38.47%), 0.10% less nitrogen (0.30%), 34% less cellulose (18.61%), and 21% less lignin (1.79%) but 14% more starch content (22.67%) compared to sawdust. The mycelium was cultured and evaluated using five substrate formulations, including 100% sawdust (100SD) as control, the incorporation of 75% sawdust + 25% sago hampas (75SD:25SH), 50% sawdust + 50% sago hampas (50SD:50SH), 25% sawdust + 75% sago hampas (25SD:75SH) and 100% sago hampas (100SH). Mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju of five formulations of the substrate was assessed on the density, the time required to complete mycelium running, primordia formation, and the time required for harvesting. Biological yield, economic yield and biological efficiency were calculated to evaluate the growth performance of the P. sajor-caju. The length and width of the stipe, diameter, and thickness of the cap were also measured to evaluate the fruiting bodies' growth performance. Pleurotus sajor-caju were also evaluated for their quality parameters on the moisture content, total fat, crude fibre, total ash, protein, and total carbohydrate. At the end of each cultivation cycle, the performances of P. sajor-caju spent mushroom substrates on the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content were taken for each formulation. The results obtained from all formulations showed that 100SH is the least favourable for mycelial growth and primordia formation. The highest biological yield (575.33%) and economic yield (543.91%) were obtained from 50SD:50SH, and 100SD recorded the lowest biological (97.85%) and economic yield (84.62%). Biological efficiency was highest for 50SD:50SH (115.07%) and lowest for the singular substrate of 100SD (19.52%) and 100SH (37.04%). The fruiting bodies produced from the mixture of sawdust and sago hampas recorded lower crude protein (14.44%-16.36%) and crude fat (1.82%) content compared to 100SD (21.07 and 2.11%, respectively). However, 100SD recorded high moisture (72.67%), carbohydrates (38.35%), and crude fibre (36.14%). At the end of the growth cycle, the percentage of hemicellulose and cellulose of substrates decreased from 7.73%-33.90% and 0.85%-33.62%, respectively, and lignin content increased (5.51%-36.62%). This study shows that sago hampas is suitable for the growth of P. sajor-caju, especially on the rate of mycelial growth, yield, and biological efficiency as the utilisation of hemicellulose and cellulose supports it. Mixing sawdust with sago hampas is recommended as the best formulation to reduce sawdust and utilise sago hampas as an alternative substrate for P. sajor-caju. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2022-06 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39196/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39196/5/Master%20Thesis_%20Michelle%20Ngassy%20Mering-fulltext.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Plant Resource Science & Management
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Q Science (General) QR Microbiology S Agriculture (General) SB Plant culture T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) QR Microbiology S Agriculture (General) SB Plant culture T Technology (General) Michelle Ngassy, Mering Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju
description	In Malaysia, sawdust is widely used for the cultivation of mushrooms. Due to the scarcity and increasing cost of sawdust, this research investigated the feasibility of employing sago hampas as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju. In Sarawak, sago hampas is discarded into the river together with wastewater or incinerated, causing water and air pollution. Morphology of P. sajor-caju cultured on PDA medium was white coloured, fluffy with well-developed aerial mycelium. In this study, sago hampas recorded 8% less carbon (38.47%), 0.10% less nitrogen (0.30%), 34% less cellulose (18.61%), and 21% less lignin (1.79%) but 14% more starch content (22.67%) compared to sawdust. The mycelium was cultured and evaluated using five substrate formulations, including 100% sawdust (100SD) as control, the incorporation of 75% sawdust + 25% sago hampas (75SD:25SH), 50% sawdust + 50% sago hampas (50SD:50SH), 25% sawdust + 75% sago hampas (25SD:75SH) and 100% sago hampas (100SH). Mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju of five formulations of the substrate was assessed on the density, the time required to complete mycelium running, primordia formation, and the time required for harvesting. Biological yield, economic yield and biological efficiency were calculated to evaluate the growth performance of the P. sajor-caju. The length and width of the stipe, diameter, and thickness of the cap were also measured to evaluate the fruiting bodies' growth performance. Pleurotus sajor-caju were also evaluated for their quality parameters on the moisture content, total fat, crude fibre, total ash, protein, and total carbohydrate. At the end of each cultivation cycle, the performances of P. sajor-caju spent mushroom substrates on the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content were taken for each formulation. The results obtained from all formulations showed that 100SH is the least favourable for mycelial growth and primordia formation. The highest biological yield (575.33%) and economic yield (543.91%) were obtained from 50SD:50SH, and 100SD recorded the lowest biological (97.85%) and economic yield (84.62%). Biological efficiency was highest for 50SD:50SH (115.07%) and lowest for the singular substrate of 100SD (19.52%) and 100SH (37.04%). The fruiting bodies produced from the mixture of sawdust and sago hampas recorded lower crude protein (14.44%-16.36%) and crude fat (1.82%) content compared to 100SD (21.07 and 2.11%, respectively). However, 100SD recorded high moisture (72.67%), carbohydrates (38.35%), and crude fibre (36.14%). At the end of the growth cycle, the percentage of hemicellulose and cellulose of substrates decreased from 7.73%-33.90% and 0.85%-33.62%, respectively, and lignin content increased (5.51%-36.62%). This study shows that sago hampas is suitable for the growth of P. sajor-caju, especially on the rate of mycelial growth, yield, and biological efficiency as the utilisation of hemicellulose and cellulose supports it. Mixing sawdust with sago hampas is recommended as the best formulation to reduce sawdust and utilise sago hampas as an alternative substrate for P. sajor-caju.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Michelle Ngassy, Mering
author_facet	Michelle Ngassy, Mering
author_sort	Michelle Ngassy, Mering
title	Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju
title_short	Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju
title_full	Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju
title_fullStr	Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju
title_full_unstemmed	Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju
title_sort	incorporation of sawdust with sago hampas as substrate for cultivation of pleurotus sajor-caju
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Plant Resource Science & Management
publishDate	2022
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39196/5/Master%20Thesis_%20Michelle%20Ngassy%20Mering-fulltext.pdf
_version_	1783728509908156416

Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju

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