Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity

Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is a water treatment technology which can treat wastewater and generate electricity simultaneously. This speciality has drawn vast attention from researchers and also the industrial sectors. However, although the efficiency of degrading organic pollutant by the s...

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Main Author:	Nur Syahidda Ani, Moksin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39220/6/Master%20ScThesis_NurSyahiddaAni%20-%20fulltext.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.392202023-04-04T06:22:10Z Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity 2022-08-16 Nur Syahidda Ani, Moksin QD Chemistry Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is a water treatment technology which can treat wastewater and generate electricity simultaneously. This speciality has drawn vast attention from researchers and also the industrial sectors. However, although the efficiency of degrading organic pollutant by the system is often high, the amount of electricity generated was still scarce and insufficient electrical energy was harvested. The main reason was that the application of commercialized photocatalyst in PFC has restricted further analysis in band gap energy (Eg) which associated with the efficiency of a photocatalysis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Eg and the overall efficiency of PFC by applying ligand field theory (LFT). Firstly, the standard photocatalyst, ZnO, was used as photoanode in the PFC to treat diluted palm oil mill effluent (POME). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 93.75% and the maximum power (Pmax) generated was 38.85 µW/cm2 after 6 hours operation at pH 7 under 1300 lx light intensity. Later, three metal complexes were synthesized in this study, namely diacetylacetonatozinc(II) complex, [Zn(acac)2], di(1,10-phenanthroline)zinc(II) chloride complex, [Zn(phen)2]Cl2 and dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)zinc(II) complex, [ZnCl2(PPh3)2] and dopped on a Zn plate as the photoanode in their respective PFC system. These zinc complexes were synthesized with pi-donor ligand, acetylacetonato (acac) as well as pi-acceptor ligand, namely 1,10- phenanthroline (phen) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) to alter the Eg of the photocatalyst used. PFC system fabricated by aforementioned complexes were compared to a standard ZnO/Zn PFC with diluted palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the electrolyte. All of the PFC systems were optimized with parameters such as contact hour, initial organic pollutant concentration, initial pH value and light intensity. Results showed that the overall efficiency of [Zn(phen)2]Cl2/Zn PFC surpassed ZnO/Zn with 96.29% COD removal efficiency and Pmax v generation of 48.76 µW/cm2 at pH 6, under 1300 lx light intensity for 4 hours. The least efficient system in this study was found to be [Zn(acac)2]/Zn with COD degradation at only 44.78% and Pmax of 9.33 µW/cm2 at pH 6 , under 1300 lx light intensity for 2 hours. The overall efficiency of these complex was found to be correlated with the estimated Eg, as the smaller the Eg the higher the efficiency of the PFC system in both degrading organic pollutant and generating electricity. Keywords: PFC, photocatalysis, POME treatment, zinc complexes, band gap energy Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2022-08 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39220/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39220/6/Master%20ScThesis_NurSyahiddaAni%20-%20fulltext.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Sarawak Research and Development Council (SRDC)
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Nur Syahidda Ani, Moksin Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity
description	Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is a water treatment technology which can treat wastewater and generate electricity simultaneously. This speciality has drawn vast attention from researchers and also the industrial sectors. However, although the efficiency of degrading organic pollutant by the system is often high, the amount of electricity generated was still scarce and insufficient electrical energy was harvested. The main reason was that the application of commercialized photocatalyst in PFC has restricted further analysis in band gap energy (Eg) which associated with the efficiency of a photocatalysis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Eg and the overall efficiency of PFC by applying ligand field theory (LFT). Firstly, the standard photocatalyst, ZnO, was used as photoanode in the PFC to treat diluted palm oil mill effluent (POME). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 93.75% and the maximum power (Pmax) generated was 38.85 µW/cm2 after 6 hours operation at pH 7 under 1300 lx light intensity. Later, three metal complexes were synthesized in this study, namely diacetylacetonatozinc(II) complex, [Zn(acac)2], di(1,10-phenanthroline)zinc(II) chloride complex, [Zn(phen)2]Cl2 and dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)zinc(II) complex, [ZnCl2(PPh3)2] and dopped on a Zn plate as the photoanode in their respective PFC system. These zinc complexes were synthesized with pi-donor ligand, acetylacetonato (acac) as well as pi-acceptor ligand, namely 1,10- phenanthroline (phen) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) to alter the Eg of the photocatalyst used. PFC system fabricated by aforementioned complexes were compared to a standard ZnO/Zn PFC with diluted palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the electrolyte. All of the PFC systems were optimized with parameters such as contact hour, initial organic pollutant concentration, initial pH value and light intensity. Results showed that the overall efficiency of [Zn(phen)2]Cl2/Zn PFC surpassed ZnO/Zn with 96.29% COD removal efficiency and Pmax v generation of 48.76 µW/cm2 at pH 6, under 1300 lx light intensity for 4 hours. The least efficient system in this study was found to be [Zn(acac)2]/Zn with COD degradation at only 44.78% and Pmax of 9.33 µW/cm2 at pH 6 , under 1300 lx light intensity for 2 hours. The overall efficiency of these complex was found to be correlated with the estimated Eg, as the smaller the Eg the higher the efficiency of the PFC system in both degrading organic pollutant and generating electricity. Keywords: PFC, photocatalysis, POME treatment, zinc complexes, band gap energy
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Nur Syahidda Ani, Moksin
author_facet	Nur Syahidda Ani, Moksin
author_sort	Nur Syahidda Ani, Moksin
title	Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity
title_short	Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity
title_full	Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity
title_fullStr	Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity
title_sort	synthesis, characterization and application of zinc complexes in photocatalytic fuel cell (pfc) for wastewater treatment and generating electricity
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2022
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39220/6/Master%20ScThesis_NurSyahiddaAni%20-%20fulltext.pdf
_version_	1783728511808176128

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zinc Complexes in Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Generating Electricity

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