Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

One of the significant representations of the world’s biodiversity is the beetle, representing about 40% of all known insects and these insect group can be found in all non-marine natural habitats. Currently, there are about 106 beetles’ families recorded from Borneo mainly from Sabah, but this numb...

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Main Author:	Marcellinus Isaac Stia, Dominic
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	QL Zoology
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39809/6/8.%20Master%20Thesis_Marcellinus%20Isaac%20Stia%20Dominic_secured.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.398092023-03-09T08:45:48Z Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia 2022-08-19 Marcellinus Isaac Stia, Dominic QL Zoology One of the significant representations of the world’s biodiversity is the beetle, representing about 40% of all known insects and these insect group can be found in all non-marine natural habitats. Currently, there are about 106 beetles’ families recorded from Borneo mainly from Sabah, but this number are not inclusive to all the families known to occur in Borneo and the values of beetle family numbers known to occur in Sarawak are uncertain, although included. In addition, the knowledge of trophic guild of beetles in Sarawak is also lacking. The current study attempted to examine efficacy of artificial light sources for light trapping methods used in monitoring beetle biodiversity because the knowledge is still limited especially in Sarawak. Firstly, the species diversity and abundance of beetle assemblages were investigated in western Sarawak, namely Gunung Gading National Park (GGNP), Real Living Lab, UNIMAS (RLL), Kampung Serpan Laut, Asajaya (MKSL) and Adis Buan Resort, Bau (HABR) by using modified Pennsylvanian light trap (MPLT), pitfall trapping (PFT) and hand-picking method (HPM). From an overall assemblage of beetles, a total of 1,198 specimens were successfully collected, representing 184 species from 32 different families. GGNP was represented with the most diverse species (H’= 3.449), followed by MKSL (H’= 3.163), HABR (H’= 3.032) and RLL (2.919) being the least diverse. The family Scarabaeidae represented as the most diverse and abundant family across all study sites, followed by family Chrysomelidae and Carabidae. Besides that, most beetles in Western Sarawak were herbivorous (N= 681, 59.06%), followed by predacious beetles (N=163, 14.14%), saprophagous beetles (N= 146, 12.66%), xylophagous beetles (N=111, 9.63%) and fungivorous beetles (N= 52, 4.51%) as the least common guild. The ecological interactions of beetle families in western Sarawak suggested that, in order to persist and coexist, more than half (59.06%) beetles adopted herbivory use of resources. Lastly, beetles were sampled vusing selected artificial light sources, namely mercury vapour lamp (MVL), blacklight ultraviolet tubes (UVL) and compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) by which all three light sources were tested for efficacy assessments in the same forest of Adis Buan Resort, Bau. From the efficacy assessment, UVL as the artificial light source used in MPLT for beetle biodiversity monitoring and its benefit by aspect of energy saving, greater localised illumination and a higher capture rate, suggested that this light source a good candidate for this cause. In conclusion, since this study are only limited to Western Sarawak and the overall study of beetles in Sarawak is still in insipient stages, more intensive and continuous prolonged studies are needed especially in other parts of Sarawak to enhance further understanding of the beetle biodiversity in this hotspot area. Faculty of Resource Science and Technology 2022-08 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39809/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39809/6/8.%20Master%20Thesis_Marcellinus%20Isaac%20Stia%20Dominic_secured.pdf text en validuser masters UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK FACULTY OF RESOURCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QL Zoology
spellingShingle	QL Zoology Marcellinus Isaac Stia, Dominic Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
description	One of the significant representations of the world’s biodiversity is the beetle, representing about 40% of all known insects and these insect group can be found in all non-marine natural habitats. Currently, there are about 106 beetles’ families recorded from Borneo mainly from Sabah, but this number are not inclusive to all the families known to occur in Borneo and the values of beetle family numbers known to occur in Sarawak are uncertain, although included. In addition, the knowledge of trophic guild of beetles in Sarawak is also lacking. The current study attempted to examine efficacy of artificial light sources for light trapping methods used in monitoring beetle biodiversity because the knowledge is still limited especially in Sarawak. Firstly, the species diversity and abundance of beetle assemblages were investigated in western Sarawak, namely Gunung Gading National Park (GGNP), Real Living Lab, UNIMAS (RLL), Kampung Serpan Laut, Asajaya (MKSL) and Adis Buan Resort, Bau (HABR) by using modified Pennsylvanian light trap (MPLT), pitfall trapping (PFT) and hand-picking method (HPM). From an overall assemblage of beetles, a total of 1,198 specimens were successfully collected, representing 184 species from 32 different families. GGNP was represented with the most diverse species (H’= 3.449), followed by MKSL (H’= 3.163), HABR (H’= 3.032) and RLL (2.919) being the least diverse. The family Scarabaeidae represented as the most diverse and abundant family across all study sites, followed by family Chrysomelidae and Carabidae. Besides that, most beetles in Western Sarawak were herbivorous (N= 681, 59.06%), followed by predacious beetles (N=163, 14.14%), saprophagous beetles (N= 146, 12.66%), xylophagous beetles (N=111, 9.63%) and fungivorous beetles (N= 52, 4.51%) as the least common guild. The ecological interactions of beetle families in western Sarawak suggested that, in order to persist and coexist, more than half (59.06%) beetles adopted herbivory use of resources. Lastly, beetles were sampled vusing selected artificial light sources, namely mercury vapour lamp (MVL), blacklight ultraviolet tubes (UVL) and compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) by which all three light sources were tested for efficacy assessments in the same forest of Adis Buan Resort, Bau. From the efficacy assessment, UVL as the artificial light source used in MPLT for beetle biodiversity monitoring and its benefit by aspect of energy saving, greater localised illumination and a higher capture rate, suggested that this light source a good candidate for this cause. In conclusion, since this study are only limited to Western Sarawak and the overall study of beetles in Sarawak is still in insipient stages, more intensive and continuous prolonged studies are needed especially in other parts of Sarawak to enhance further understanding of the beetle biodiversity in this hotspot area.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Marcellinus Isaac Stia, Dominic
author_facet	Marcellinus Isaac Stia, Dominic
author_sort	Marcellinus Isaac Stia, Dominic
title	Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
title_short	Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
title_full	Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
title_sort	diversity, trophic community structures and light trapping efficacy of beetles in western sarawak, borneo, malaysia
granting_institution	UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
granting_department	FACULTY OF RESOURCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
publishDate	2022
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39809/6/8.%20Master%20Thesis_Marcellinus%20Isaac%20Stia%20Dominic_secured.pdf
_version_	1783728516317052928

Diversity, Trophic Community Structures and Light Trapping Efficacy of Beetles in Western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

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