Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples

Cyanazine (CYZ), Ametryn (AME) and Atrazine (ATZ) are mostly utilized 1, 3, 5-triazine herbicides to control the growth of broadleaf grasses and weeds, however, their extensive usage has adverse effects on the environment, non-target organisms, and human health. Therefore, molecularly imprinted poly...

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Main Author:	Rachel Marcella, Roland
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2024
Subjects:	QD Chemistry S Agriculture (General) TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/3/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA%20-%2024%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/9/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA.dsva.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/10/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA.ftext.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.443372024-04-30T06:16:59Z Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples 2024-02-06 Rachel Marcella, Roland QD Chemistry S Agriculture (General) TP Chemical technology Cyanazine (CYZ), Ametryn (AME) and Atrazine (ATZ) are mostly utilized 1, 3, 5-triazine herbicides to control the growth of broadleaf grasses and weeds, however, their extensive usage has adverse effects on the environment, non-target organisms, and human health. Therefore, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were applied to remove triazine herbicides in the environment. In this study, MIPs of triazine herbicides were synthesized by precipitation polymerization in the presence of template molecules (CYZ, AME and ATZ), functional monomers (methacrylic acid, acrylamide, 2-vinylpyirdine, and 4-vinylpyridine), cross-linker (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), initiator (azo-bis-isobutyronitrile), and solvent (toluene and acetonitrile). For comparison study, the non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were synthesized without the addition of template molecule. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis of MIPs of triazine herbicides indicated the presence of CYZ, AME and ATZ were observed at ~756 cm–1, ~1450 cm–1, and ~1389 cm–1, respectively. MIP (AAm) of CYZ had its maximum adsorption efficiency in 6 ppm CYZ solution at pH 7, 0.1 g of polymer and 240 mins of contact time. MIP (MAA) of AME had its highest adsorption efficiency in 7 ppm AME solution at pH 7, 0.1 g of polymer and 210 mins of contact time. MIP (2VP) of ATZ exhibited its maximum adsorption efficiency in 8 ppm of ATZ solution at pH 7, 0.3 g of polymer and 15 mins of contact time. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of MIPs of triazine herbicides depicted that the decomposition of polymers was between ~320 °C to ~500 °C. MIP (AAm) of CYZ, MIP (MAA) of AME and MIP (2VP) of ATZ were more selective towards their target compounds with relative selectivity coefficients of 2.36, 2.66 and 2.77, respectively. The synthesized MIP (AAm) of CYZ, MIP (MAA) of AME and MIP (2VP) of ATZ were successfully applied to remove CYZ, AME and ATZ from different water samples (distilled water, tap water and river water) with removal efficiencies between ~84% to ~95%. UNIMAS Institutional Repository 2024-02 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/3/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA%20-%2024%20pages.pdf text en public http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/9/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA.dsva.pdf text en public http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/10/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA.ftext.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Chemistry
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	QD Chemistry S Agriculture (General) TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry S Agriculture (General) TP Chemical technology Rachel Marcella, Roland Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples
description	Cyanazine (CYZ), Ametryn (AME) and Atrazine (ATZ) are mostly utilized 1, 3, 5-triazine herbicides to control the growth of broadleaf grasses and weeds, however, their extensive usage has adverse effects on the environment, non-target organisms, and human health. Therefore, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were applied to remove triazine herbicides in the environment. In this study, MIPs of triazine herbicides were synthesized by precipitation polymerization in the presence of template molecules (CYZ, AME and ATZ), functional monomers (methacrylic acid, acrylamide, 2-vinylpyirdine, and 4-vinylpyridine), cross-linker (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), initiator (azo-bis-isobutyronitrile), and solvent (toluene and acetonitrile). For comparison study, the non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were synthesized without the addition of template molecule. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis of MIPs of triazine herbicides indicated the presence of CYZ, AME and ATZ were observed at ~756 cm–1, ~1450 cm–1, and ~1389 cm–1, respectively. MIP (AAm) of CYZ had its maximum adsorption efficiency in 6 ppm CYZ solution at pH 7, 0.1 g of polymer and 240 mins of contact time. MIP (MAA) of AME had its highest adsorption efficiency in 7 ppm AME solution at pH 7, 0.1 g of polymer and 210 mins of contact time. MIP (2VP) of ATZ exhibited its maximum adsorption efficiency in 8 ppm of ATZ solution at pH 7, 0.3 g of polymer and 15 mins of contact time. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of MIPs of triazine herbicides depicted that the decomposition of polymers was between ~320 °C to ~500 °C. MIP (AAm) of CYZ, MIP (MAA) of AME and MIP (2VP) of ATZ were more selective towards their target compounds with relative selectivity coefficients of 2.36, 2.66 and 2.77, respectively. The synthesized MIP (AAm) of CYZ, MIP (MAA) of AME and MIP (2VP) of ATZ were successfully applied to remove CYZ, AME and ATZ from different water samples (distilled water, tap water and river water) with removal efficiencies between ~84% to ~95%.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Rachel Marcella, Roland
author_facet	Rachel Marcella, Roland
author_sort	Rachel Marcella, Roland
title	Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples
title_short	Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples
title_full	Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples
title_fullStr	Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples
title_sort	synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for the removal of triazine herbicides in water samples
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
granting_department	Chemistry
publishDate	2024
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/3/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA%20-%2024%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/9/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA.dsva.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44337/10/Thesis%20PhD_%20RACHEL%20MARCELLA.ftext.pdf
_version_	1804888428005818368

Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples

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