Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM)

The rise in popularity of water vending machine (WVM) due to urban modernization has given a rise to concerns regarding the quality and safety of the drinking water. Several data have shown the potential risk WVM could harbor. However, there is a lack of such data on its risk in Sarawak. Some studie...

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Main Author:	Nur Sabrina, Habib
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2024
Subjects:	QD Chemistry QH301 Biology QH426 Genetics QR Microbiology
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/4/Nur%20Sabrina%20Habib%20-%2024%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/5/Nur%20Sabrina%20Habib.dsva.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/7/PHD%20Thesis%20Sabrina%20Habib.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.445222024-05-07T03:41:08Z Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM) 2024-03-05 Nur Sabrina, Habib QD Chemistry QH301 Biology QH426 Genetics QR Microbiology The rise in popularity of water vending machine (WVM) due to urban modernization has given a rise to concerns regarding the quality and safety of the drinking water. Several data have shown the potential risk WVM could harbor. However, there is a lack of such data on its risk in Sarawak. Some studies have found that there is a potential risk of WVM being contaminated with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this research, the level of P. aeruginosa prevalence in WVM is studied. Over the course of 2 months from January 2021 to February 2021, sampling was done once a month from WVM located in Kota Samarahan and Kuching. A total of one hundred drinking water samples (n=100) were taken from Kota Samarahan (n=50) and Kuching (n=50). The physical condition, surrounding location, date of maintenance and whether the WVM had a licensed were observed. The drinking water were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperature. Enumeration and isolation of P. aeruginosa was done using single dilution method for most probable number (MPN). Identification was done with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ETA gene, Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) done according to the M45 guideline. Biofilm forming capacity of P. aeruginosa was studied in vitro. The results concluded that 26% of WVM from Kota Samarahan and 36% from Kuching were positive for the presence of ETA positive P. aeruginosa and it was observed that many of the WVM were not in acceptable condition including the absence of dispensing area cover, low hygiene condition, unsanitary or unsuitable locations and a lack or absence of maintenance done to the WVM. The AST conducted showed that P. aeruginosa was most susceptible to Meropenem (64%) and it was most resistant to ciprofloxacin (28%). The biofilm forming capacities were mostly observed to be moderate strength with 5 moderate strength and only 1 non-adhering based on P. aeruginosa biofilm-forming capacity in vitro. It is recommended that a stricter monitoring of WVM is needed to ensure the safety of the public. University Malaysia Sarawak 2024-03 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/4/Nur%20Sabrina%20Habib%20-%2024%20pages.pdf text en public http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/5/Nur%20Sabrina%20Habib.dsva.pdf text en staffonly http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/7/PHD%20Thesis%20Sabrina%20Habib.pdf text en validuser masters University Malaysia Sarawak Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	QD Chemistry QH301 Biology QH426 Genetics QR Microbiology
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry QH301 Biology QH426 Genetics QR Microbiology Nur Sabrina, Habib Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM)
description	The rise in popularity of water vending machine (WVM) due to urban modernization has given a rise to concerns regarding the quality and safety of the drinking water. Several data have shown the potential risk WVM could harbor. However, there is a lack of such data on its risk in Sarawak. Some studies have found that there is a potential risk of WVM being contaminated with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this research, the level of P. aeruginosa prevalence in WVM is studied. Over the course of 2 months from January 2021 to February 2021, sampling was done once a month from WVM located in Kota Samarahan and Kuching. A total of one hundred drinking water samples (n=100) were taken from Kota Samarahan (n=50) and Kuching (n=50). The physical condition, surrounding location, date of maintenance and whether the WVM had a licensed were observed. The drinking water were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperature. Enumeration and isolation of P. aeruginosa was done using single dilution method for most probable number (MPN). Identification was done with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ETA gene, Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) done according to the M45 guideline. Biofilm forming capacity of P. aeruginosa was studied in vitro. The results concluded that 26% of WVM from Kota Samarahan and 36% from Kuching were positive for the presence of ETA positive P. aeruginosa and it was observed that many of the WVM were not in acceptable condition including the absence of dispensing area cover, low hygiene condition, unsanitary or unsuitable locations and a lack or absence of maintenance done to the WVM. The AST conducted showed that P. aeruginosa was most susceptible to Meropenem (64%) and it was most resistant to ciprofloxacin (28%). The biofilm forming capacities were mostly observed to be moderate strength with 5 moderate strength and only 1 non-adhering based on P. aeruginosa biofilm-forming capacity in vitro. It is recommended that a stricter monitoring of WVM is needed to ensure the safety of the public.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Nur Sabrina, Habib
author_facet	Nur Sabrina, Habib
author_sort	Nur Sabrina, Habib
title	Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM)
title_short	Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM)
title_full	Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM)
title_fullStr	Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM)
title_full_unstemmed	Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM)
title_sort	occurrence of pseudomonas aeruginosa from drinking water from water vending machine (wvm)
granting_institution	University Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2024
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/4/Nur%20Sabrina%20Habib%20-%2024%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/5/Nur%20Sabrina%20Habib.dsva.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44522/7/PHD%20Thesis%20Sabrina%20Habib.pdf
_version_	1804888429532545024

Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Drinking Water from Water Vending Machine (WVM)

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