Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators

Amphibian threats and extinctions are well documented on a global level, with approximately 32% of their species currently facing extinction. Borneo has more than 180 species of anurans, and 70% of the species are endemics in Borneo. The divergence of mitochondrial DNA indicates greater evolutionary...

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Main Author:	NUR HIDAYAH, ZULKEFLI
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2024
Subjects:	QL Zoology
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/3/Thesis%20MSc_Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli%20-%2024%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/5/Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli.dsva.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/8/Thesis%20MSc_Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli.ftext.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.445452024-07-15T06:09:25Z Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators 2024 NUR HIDAYAH, ZULKEFLI QL Zoology Amphibian threats and extinctions are well documented on a global level, with approximately 32% of their species currently facing extinction. Borneo has more than 180 species of anurans, and 70% of the species are endemics in Borneo. The divergence of mitochondrial DNA indicates greater evolutionary independence among tropical anuran groups, and frog populations from forests or topographically diverse regions are experiencing evolution. Amphibians are more vulnerable to external environmental changes because of the modification of lands caused by the conversion of forests to agricultural land, which causes the loss of the original habitats for frogs. Moreover, frogs are good indicators, as they can live in arboreal and terrestrial conditions. Pulchrana baramica (Boettger, 1900) was chosen as a study model because this species is widely distributed in lowland areas of Sarawak. This study focuses on inland and coastal peat swamp forests, any disturbed area, as well as its adjacent areas of mixed-dipterocarp forests (MDF), to assess the P. baramica microhabitat utilisation data, environmental stressor parameters such as heavy metal properties, and genetic diversity through Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I and Cytochrome B molecular markers. Several locations in western Sarawak were chosen as potentially suitable habitats for P. baramica. The selected localities contain a variety of habitats, including both protected and unprotected areas, namely, Tanjung Datu National Park, Libiki Bamboo Resort, Maludam National Park, Mount Singai, Bako National Park, Kota Samarahan (UNIMAS), and Kanowit. Based on the analysis of microhabitat utilisations through a non-metric multidimensional scaling approach, the ecological guild of P. baramica were clustered into a few significant guilds: i) kerangas forest, ii) peat swamp, iii) plantation, iv) riverine forest, v) agriculture, vi) disturbed area, and vii) edge MDF. Meanwhile, environmental stressors included six water quality parameters, and six heavy metal elements such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were sampled from soil and water samples from each sampling site. The average mean concentration of heavy metals in soil and water generally followed the decreasing order: i) soil: Fe > Pb > Mn > Cu > Cd > Ni, and ii) water: Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni. The phylogenetic relationships among 11 populations of P. baramica through phylogenetic tree construction were clearly described into two major categories of P. baramica populations, which were inland peat swamps and coastal peat swamps. Based on population genetic analyses, 26 meaningful haplotypes were defined, and high and low genetic diversity were determined in all populations. Overall, since this study only focused on the Sarawak region, more intensive and prolonged effort is needed to maintain the environment for the sustainability of P. baramica populations because more forest lands were converted into commercial areas. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2024 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/3/Thesis%20MSc_Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli%20-%2024%20pages.pdf text en public http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/5/Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli.dsva.pdf text en staffonly http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/8/Thesis%20MSc_Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli.ftext.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	QL Zoology
spellingShingle	QL Zoology NUR HIDAYAH, ZULKEFLI Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators
description	Amphibian threats and extinctions are well documented on a global level, with approximately 32% of their species currently facing extinction. Borneo has more than 180 species of anurans, and 70% of the species are endemics in Borneo. The divergence of mitochondrial DNA indicates greater evolutionary independence among tropical anuran groups, and frog populations from forests or topographically diverse regions are experiencing evolution. Amphibians are more vulnerable to external environmental changes because of the modification of lands caused by the conversion of forests to agricultural land, which causes the loss of the original habitats for frogs. Moreover, frogs are good indicators, as they can live in arboreal and terrestrial conditions. Pulchrana baramica (Boettger, 1900) was chosen as a study model because this species is widely distributed in lowland areas of Sarawak. This study focuses on inland and coastal peat swamp forests, any disturbed area, as well as its adjacent areas of mixed-dipterocarp forests (MDF), to assess the P. baramica microhabitat utilisation data, environmental stressor parameters such as heavy metal properties, and genetic diversity through Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I and Cytochrome B molecular markers. Several locations in western Sarawak were chosen as potentially suitable habitats for P. baramica. The selected localities contain a variety of habitats, including both protected and unprotected areas, namely, Tanjung Datu National Park, Libiki Bamboo Resort, Maludam National Park, Mount Singai, Bako National Park, Kota Samarahan (UNIMAS), and Kanowit. Based on the analysis of microhabitat utilisations through a non-metric multidimensional scaling approach, the ecological guild of P. baramica were clustered into a few significant guilds: i) kerangas forest, ii) peat swamp, iii) plantation, iv) riverine forest, v) agriculture, vi) disturbed area, and vii) edge MDF. Meanwhile, environmental stressors included six water quality parameters, and six heavy metal elements such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were sampled from soil and water samples from each sampling site. The average mean concentration of heavy metals in soil and water generally followed the decreasing order: i) soil: Fe > Pb > Mn > Cu > Cd > Ni, and ii) water: Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni. The phylogenetic relationships among 11 populations of P. baramica through phylogenetic tree construction were clearly described into two major categories of P. baramica populations, which were inland peat swamps and coastal peat swamps. Based on population genetic analyses, 26 meaningful haplotypes were defined, and high and low genetic diversity were determined in all populations. Overall, since this study only focused on the Sarawak region, more intensive and prolonged effort is needed to maintain the environment for the sustainability of P. baramica populations because more forest lands were converted into commercial areas.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	NUR HIDAYAH, ZULKEFLI
author_facet	NUR HIDAYAH, ZULKEFLI
author_sort	NUR HIDAYAH, ZULKEFLI
title	Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators
title_short	Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators
title_full	Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators
title_fullStr	Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators
title_full_unstemmed	Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators
title_sort	diversification of pulchrana baramica, boettger, 1900 (amphibia: ranidae) lineages as ecosystem health indicators
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2024
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/3/Thesis%20MSc_Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli%20-%2024%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/5/Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli.dsva.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44545/8/Thesis%20MSc_Nur%20Hidayah%20Zulkefli.ftext.pdf
_version_	1804888430043201536

Diversification of Pulchrana baramica, Boettger, 1900 (Amphibia: Ranidae) Lineages as Ecosystem Health Indicators

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