Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity

Garcinia was discovered to have excellent sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential and hence received significant attention due to its potential for medicinal applications. This study investigates Garcinia species' secondary metabolites and their anti-bacterial activity, specif...

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Main Author:	Nur Fazlin Zafirah, Zaine
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2024
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46061/1/Nur%20Fazlin%20Zafirah_Thesis.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.46061
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimas-ir.460612024-09-22T23:54:54Z Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity 2024-06-17 Nur Fazlin Zafirah, Zaine QD Chemistry Garcinia was discovered to have excellent sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential and hence received significant attention due to its potential for medicinal applications. This study investigates Garcinia species' secondary metabolites and their anti-bacterial activity, specifically Garcinia dryobalanoides. Different chromatographic methods were used to isolate and purify the pure compounds. Along with that, structural modification of the major compound was successfully synthesized via Williamson etherification. The structural elucidations of these isolated and synthesized compounds were achieved through FT-IR, UV-Vis, LC-MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR. Anti-bacterial tests were conducted against various bacterial strains, including Gram-positive bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) and Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens). Six compounds (76, 2, 77, 78, 79 and 59) were successfully isolated and five rubraxanthone derivatives (80 – 84) were successfully synthesized. Astonishingly, compound 76 was the first naturally occurring benzophenone isolated from the Garcinia genus. The anti-bacterial evaluation on crude extract, isolated, and synthesized compounds against tested bacteria demonstrated moderate to excellent activities outlining anti-bacterial potential. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) study demonstrated that xanthones bearing prenyl and hydroxy groups exhibit excellent bacterial inhibition. However, adding an alkyl chain to the hydroxyl group reduced this effect, possibly due to steric hindrance. This study highlights Garcinia species as a promising source of natural anti-bacterial and further investigation is needed. Natural Product Research, Taylor & Francis Ltd 2024-06 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46061/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46061/1/Nur%20Fazlin%20Zafirah_Thesis.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Nur Fazlin Zafirah, Zaine Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity
description	Garcinia was discovered to have excellent sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential and hence received significant attention due to its potential for medicinal applications. This study investigates Garcinia species' secondary metabolites and their anti-bacterial activity, specifically Garcinia dryobalanoides. Different chromatographic methods were used to isolate and purify the pure compounds. Along with that, structural modification of the major compound was successfully synthesized via Williamson etherification. The structural elucidations of these isolated and synthesized compounds were achieved through FT-IR, UV-Vis, LC-MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR. Anti-bacterial tests were conducted against various bacterial strains, including Gram-positive bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) and Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens). Six compounds (76, 2, 77, 78, 79 and 59) were successfully isolated and five rubraxanthone derivatives (80 – 84) were successfully synthesized. Astonishingly, compound 76 was the first naturally occurring benzophenone isolated from the Garcinia genus. The anti-bacterial evaluation on crude extract, isolated, and synthesized compounds against tested bacteria demonstrated moderate to excellent activities outlining anti-bacterial potential. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) study demonstrated that xanthones bearing prenyl and hydroxy groups exhibit excellent bacterial inhibition. However, adding an alkyl chain to the hydroxyl group reduced this effect, possibly due to steric hindrance. This study highlights Garcinia species as a promising source of natural anti-bacterial and further investigation is needed.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Nur Fazlin Zafirah, Zaine
author_facet	Nur Fazlin Zafirah, Zaine
author_sort	Nur Fazlin Zafirah, Zaine
title	Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity
title_short	Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity
title_full	Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity
title_fullStr	Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity
title_full_unstemmed	Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity
title_sort	secondary metabolites from garcinia dryobalanoides and their anti-bacterial activity
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2024
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46061/1/Nur%20Fazlin%20Zafirah_Thesis.pdf
_version_	1811771586866315264

Secondary Metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides and their Anti-bacterial Activity

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