Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen loss which limits the efficiency of urea as a fertilizer when surface-applied to soils. High pH and low cation exchange capacity in soils have been identified as the principal causes ofNH3 volatilization from urea. The several approaches...

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Main Author:	Balasundram, Siva Kumar
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	1997
Subjects:	Palm-oil mill effluent Effluent quality - Malaysia Palm-oil industry - Waste disposal
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10397/1/FP_1997_6_A.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.10397
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.103972011-04-07T05:06:14Z Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea 1997 Balasundram, Siva Kumar Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen loss which limits the efficiency of urea as a fertilizer when surface-applied to soils. High pH and low cation exchange capacity in soils have been identified as the principal causes ofNH3 volatilization from urea. The several approaches proposed to correct such inefficiency in urea, thus far, were fundamentally based upon delay of urea dissolution and impedance of urea hydrolysis. An attempt was made to establish a preferred environment within the urea-soil reaction zone (microsite) using palm oil mill efiluent (POME) and peat. Both POME and peat are organic matter-rich, and contain humic substances across their respective organic matrix. Humic substances have been shown to interact with ammoniacal compounds and urea. As such, a study was engaged to explore the effects of POME and peat, and their respective humic derivatives on NH3 volatilization from urea surface-applied to two Malaysian soils of contrasting pH values. The organic materials and their humic derivatives were separately matrixed with urea into pelletised form and evaluated under laboratory regimes for % NH3 volatilization, pH change and NHt + -N recovery. Estimation ofNH3 volatilization was carried out using a closed-dynamic air-flow system. Detennination of the chemical and physical attributes of soils and materials, and measurement of the parameters studied were done using standard procedures. Characterisation of the POME- and peat-derived humic substances was performed using chemical and spectral methods. Results showed that reduction in NH3 volatilisation by peat-treated urea was more pronounced than that of POME in both soils. Such reduction was accompanied by a corresponding increase in NH4+ recovery and decrease in pH particularly at the microsite. The use of differing matrixing ratios did not yield significant variation in the performance of matrixing agents. Acidification of POME and peat resulted in impedance of urea movement from micro site to outersite. Palm-oil mill effluent Effluent quality - Malaysia Palm-oil industry - Waste disposal 1997 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10397/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10397/1/FP_1997_6_A.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Palm-oil mill effluent Effluent quality - Malaysia Palm-oil industry - Waste disposal Faculty of Agriculture English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Palm-oil mill effluent Effluent quality - Malaysia Palm-oil industry - Waste disposal
spellingShingle	Palm-oil mill effluent Effluent quality - Malaysia Palm-oil industry - Waste disposal Balasundram, Siva Kumar Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea
description	Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen loss which limits the efficiency of urea as a fertilizer when surface-applied to soils. High pH and low cation exchange capacity in soils have been identified as the principal causes ofNH3 volatilization from urea. The several approaches proposed to correct such inefficiency in urea, thus far, were fundamentally based upon delay of urea dissolution and impedance of urea hydrolysis. An attempt was made to establish a preferred environment within the urea-soil reaction zone (microsite) using palm oil mill efiluent (POME) and peat. Both POME and peat are organic matter-rich, and contain humic substances across their respective organic matrix. Humic substances have been shown to interact with ammoniacal compounds and urea. As such, a study was engaged to explore the effects of POME and peat, and their respective humic derivatives on NH3 volatilization from urea surface-applied to two Malaysian soils of contrasting pH values. The organic materials and their humic derivatives were separately matrixed with urea into pelletised form and evaluated under laboratory regimes for % NH3 volatilization, pH change and NHt + -N recovery. Estimation ofNH3 volatilization was carried out using a closed-dynamic air-flow system. Detennination of the chemical and physical attributes of soils and materials, and measurement of the parameters studied were done using standard procedures. Characterisation of the POME- and peat-derived humic substances was performed using chemical and spectral methods. Results showed that reduction in NH3 volatilisation by peat-treated urea was more pronounced than that of POME in both soils. Such reduction was accompanied by a corresponding increase in NH4+ recovery and decrease in pH particularly at the microsite. The use of differing matrixing ratios did not yield significant variation in the performance of matrixing agents. Acidification of POME and peat resulted in impedance of urea movement from micro site to outersite.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Balasundram, Siva Kumar
author_facet	Balasundram, Siva Kumar
author_sort	Balasundram, Siva Kumar
title	Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea
title_short	Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea
title_full	Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea
title_fullStr	Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea
title_full_unstemmed	Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea
title_sort	use of palm oil mill effluent (pome) and peat to reduce ammonia volatilisation from fertiliser urea
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Agriculture
publishDate	1997
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10397/1/FP_1997_6_A.pdf
_version_	1747811112553807872

Use of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) and Peat to Reduce Ammonia Volatilisation from Fertiliser Urea

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