Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield

A series of experiments were carried out under glasshouse and field conditions, at the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM), Serdang (latitude 3002'N and longitude 101042'E), during the period January 1994 to December 1996. The main objective of the research is to study the nature of abs...

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Main Author:	Inuwa Shesu, Usman
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	1997
Subjects:	Capsicum Annuum L Growth (Plants)
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10409/1/FP_1997_17_A.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.10409
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.104092012-11-05T07:24:22Z Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield 1997 Inuwa Shesu, Usman A series of experiments were carried out under glasshouse and field conditions, at the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM), Serdang (latitude 3002'N and longitude 101042'E), during the period January 1994 to December 1996. The main objective of the research is to study the nature of abscission of chilli flowers and to use plant growth regulators (PGRs) to improve fruit set and yield of chilli under heat stressed tropical conditions. Most of the flowers fall 3 days after anthesis. This suggest that flower abscission under heat stress is related to the ontogenic changes taking place in the flowers at this stage (pollination and fertilization). Pollen viability and pollen tube growth were not impaired by the stress. Also seed production and viability were similar under both glasshouse and open conditions. Electron microscopic observations revealed an abscission zone between the peduncle and the twig. The first morphological evidence of abscission by way of cell separation became visible at anthesis. Energy dispersive X - ray scan of this zone showed higher accumulation of Ca2+ relative to the surrounding areas. The visibility of cell separation at anthesis indicated that the process of abscission begun prior to pollination and fertilisation. Endogenous hormone analysis in abscising chilli flowers showed that peak production of ethylene and its precursor 1- aminocyclopropane- lcarboxylic acid (ACC) was at anthesis. Similarly, highest levels of indole acetic acid (IAA) were detected at this stage. The level of abscissic acid (ABA) increased with advancement of abscission. On the use of PGRs to improve fruit set and yield of chilli, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), paclobutrazol (PP333), gibberellic acid (GA4+7), and triacontanol (TRIA) were applied to pot grown chilli plants. The GA4+7 treatment proved superior over other PGRs in flower count, fruit count, fruit size and total fruit yield. The yield increase following NAA application has not been consistent. The application of TRIA proved effective only in the open. PP333 application increased fruit set and gave the least recorded abscission. In addition this treatment gave yields that are comparable to other PGRs. GA4+7 and PP333 were selected for the next stage of the study. Capsicum Annuum L Growth (Plants) 1997 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10409/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10409/1/FP_1997_17_A.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Capsicum Annuum L Growth (Plants) Faculty of Agriculture English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Capsicum Annuum L Growth (Plants)
spellingShingle	Capsicum Annuum L Growth (Plants) Inuwa Shesu, Usman Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield
description	A series of experiments were carried out under glasshouse and field conditions, at the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM), Serdang (latitude 3002'N and longitude 101042'E), during the period January 1994 to December 1996. The main objective of the research is to study the nature of abscission of chilli flowers and to use plant growth regulators (PGRs) to improve fruit set and yield of chilli under heat stressed tropical conditions. Most of the flowers fall 3 days after anthesis. This suggest that flower abscission under heat stress is related to the ontogenic changes taking place in the flowers at this stage (pollination and fertilization). Pollen viability and pollen tube growth were not impaired by the stress. Also seed production and viability were similar under both glasshouse and open conditions. Electron microscopic observations revealed an abscission zone between the peduncle and the twig. The first morphological evidence of abscission by way of cell separation became visible at anthesis. Energy dispersive X - ray scan of this zone showed higher accumulation of Ca2+ relative to the surrounding areas. The visibility of cell separation at anthesis indicated that the process of abscission begun prior to pollination and fertilisation. Endogenous hormone analysis in abscising chilli flowers showed that peak production of ethylene and its precursor 1- aminocyclopropane- lcarboxylic acid (ACC) was at anthesis. Similarly, highest levels of indole acetic acid (IAA) were detected at this stage. The level of abscissic acid (ABA) increased with advancement of abscission. On the use of PGRs to improve fruit set and yield of chilli, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), paclobutrazol (PP333), gibberellic acid (GA4+7), and triacontanol (TRIA) were applied to pot grown chilli plants. The GA4+7 treatment proved superior over other PGRs in flower count, fruit count, fruit size and total fruit yield. The yield increase following NAA application has not been consistent. The application of TRIA proved effective only in the open. PP333 application increased fruit set and gave the least recorded abscission. In addition this treatment gave yields that are comparable to other PGRs. GA4+7 and PP333 were selected for the next stage of the study.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Inuwa Shesu, Usman
author_facet	Inuwa Shesu, Usman
author_sort	Inuwa Shesu, Usman
title	Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield
title_short	Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield
title_full	Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield
title_fullStr	Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield
title_full_unstemmed	Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield
title_sort	flower abscission of chilli (capsicum annuum l. var. kulai) under humid tropical conditions and the use of plant growth regulators to improve fruit set and yield
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Agriculture
publishDate	1997
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10409/1/FP_1997_17_A.pdf
_version_	1747811115257036800

Flower Abscission of Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai) Under Humid Tropical Conditions and the Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve Fruit Set and Yield

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