Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
Tropical peats are generally acidic (pH 3.0-4.5) and deficient in nutrients such as Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. Therefore, liming materials (calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), dolomite (CaMg (CO3)), magnesium oxides (MgO)) is commonly practiced besides the use of chemica...
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2022
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Universiti Putra Malaysia |
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| language |
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Ismail, Roslan |
| topic |
Peat soils - Quality - Malaysia Histosols - Malaysia Soils - Classification - Malaysia |
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Peat soils - Quality - Malaysia Histosols - Malaysia Soils - Classification - Malaysia Kabir, Adebayo Kayode Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| description |
Tropical peats are generally acidic (pH 3.0-4.5) and deficient in nutrients such
as Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. Therefore, liming materials (calcium
carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), dolomite (CaMg (CO3)),
magnesium oxides (MgO)) is commonly practiced besides the use of chemical
fertilizers and other cocktail of agrochemicals to improve selected soil
characteristics and to produce satisfactory yield.
Furthermore, no standardized method is available on soil quality assessment
especially peat. Noteworthy that, various approach and indices have been
applied by researchers globally. Therefore, the objective of this present study is
to classify and characterize the tropical peat (soil) in the study area, to determine,
evaluate and assess the tropical peat (soil) quality (fertility status) using selected
quality indices (Soil Fertility Index (SFI), Soil Quality Index (SQI), and Soil
Microbial Index (SMI)) and to further produce the peat soil spatial variability by
semivariogram of selected crop-nutrients.
This study was conducted at Taman Kekal Pengeluaran Makanan (TKPM) Ulu
Chucoh, located in Sepang district in the southern part of the state of Selangor,
Malaysia (latitude 02°451 N and longitude 101°401 E). Soil in the study area were
mainly peat (up to 80 cm depth) and underlain by mineral soils. A total of 150
soil samples were collected at five (5) different depths (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-
60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm) at each determined grid (total 30 grids) using
a hand auger. The soil samples were subjected to morphological, physical and
chemical analysis (properties), biological (microbial) and selected heavy metals
analyses, based on standard methods well-stated in the literature. Descriptive
statistics were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Least
Significant Difference (LSD) was used for mean separation at p≤0.05 using SAS
version 9.4 software. The geostatistical method was used to generate spatial
map for SFI, SQI and major soil nutrients of the study site for all the depths using
ArcGIS 10.7.1 software.
The soil chemical properties were significantly difference with varying depth at
p≤0.05 level of LSD test. Results showed that the peat (soil) in the study area
ranged from very strongly acidic to a strong acidic (pH 3.30 to 4.64). Soil organic
carbon (SOC) showed a decreasing value with increasing depth (17.64 to 9.31
%). Aluminum content was high across the study site (4.35 to 11.69 cmol+/kg)
with increasing values down the depth showing a relationship with the soil pH
(hydrolysis). Exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K) obtained ranged from low to
moderate due to the high content of Al.
The single value obtained for SFI and SQI across the study site ranged from
141.83 to 20.61, and 0.71 to 0.55 respectively. SFI and SQI value decreases
down the soil profile. Decreasing trend in SFI and SQI value was attributed to
the variation in the content of the indicators, high water table often recorded from
depth 40 cm across the farm area. The spatial map showed the classes of fertility
for all depth analyzed with variation (low-moderate) across the plots and down
the soil profile, revealing the areas that requires amendments for each nutrient
for sustainable cultivation based on the values obtained for the nutrient
distributed in the study area with depth.
The farmer’s management practices are noted to have minimal effect on the soil
quality losses. Thus the significant correlation of soil quality indices (p≤0.05) with
the soil chemical properties indicates that assessment of soil quality using
several indices (SFI, SMI, SQIa) shows conclusive information on the soil fertility
status. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_level |
Doctorate |
| author |
Kabir, Adebayo Kayode |
| author_facet |
Kabir, Adebayo Kayode |
| author_sort |
Kabir, Adebayo Kayode |
| title |
Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_short |
Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full |
Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr |
Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_sort |
soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in sepang, selangor, malaysia |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104421/1/ADEBAYO%20KAYODE%20KABIR%20-%20IR.pdf |
| _version_ |
1776100437777186816 |
| spelling |
my-upm-ir.1044212023-08-11T02:15:20Z Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of tropical peat (histosol) soil cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia 2022-02 Kabir, Adebayo Kayode Tropical peats are generally acidic (pH 3.0-4.5) and deficient in nutrients such as Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. Therefore, liming materials (calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), dolomite (CaMg (CO3)), magnesium oxides (MgO)) is commonly practiced besides the use of chemical fertilizers and other cocktail of agrochemicals to improve selected soil characteristics and to produce satisfactory yield. Furthermore, no standardized method is available on soil quality assessment especially peat. Noteworthy that, various approach and indices have been applied by researchers globally. Therefore, the objective of this present study is to classify and characterize the tropical peat (soil) in the study area, to determine, evaluate and assess the tropical peat (soil) quality (fertility status) using selected quality indices (Soil Fertility Index (SFI), Soil Quality Index (SQI), and Soil Microbial Index (SMI)) and to further produce the peat soil spatial variability by semivariogram of selected crop-nutrients. This study was conducted at Taman Kekal Pengeluaran Makanan (TKPM) Ulu Chucoh, located in Sepang district in the southern part of the state of Selangor, Malaysia (latitude 02°451 N and longitude 101°401 E). Soil in the study area were mainly peat (up to 80 cm depth) and underlain by mineral soils. A total of 150 soil samples were collected at five (5) different depths (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40- 60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm) at each determined grid (total 30 grids) using a hand auger. The soil samples were subjected to morphological, physical and chemical analysis (properties), biological (microbial) and selected heavy metals analyses, based on standard methods well-stated in the literature. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used for mean separation at p≤0.05 using SAS version 9.4 software. The geostatistical method was used to generate spatial map for SFI, SQI and major soil nutrients of the study site for all the depths using ArcGIS 10.7.1 software. The soil chemical properties were significantly difference with varying depth at p≤0.05 level of LSD test. Results showed that the peat (soil) in the study area ranged from very strongly acidic to a strong acidic (pH 3.30 to 4.64). Soil organic carbon (SOC) showed a decreasing value with increasing depth (17.64 to 9.31 %). Aluminum content was high across the study site (4.35 to 11.69 cmol+/kg) with increasing values down the depth showing a relationship with the soil pH (hydrolysis). Exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K) obtained ranged from low to moderate due to the high content of Al. The single value obtained for SFI and SQI across the study site ranged from 141.83 to 20.61, and 0.71 to 0.55 respectively. SFI and SQI value decreases down the soil profile. Decreasing trend in SFI and SQI value was attributed to the variation in the content of the indicators, high water table often recorded from depth 40 cm across the farm area. The spatial map showed the classes of fertility for all depth analyzed with variation (low-moderate) across the plots and down the soil profile, revealing the areas that requires amendments for each nutrient for sustainable cultivation based on the values obtained for the nutrient distributed in the study area with depth. The farmer’s management practices are noted to have minimal effect on the soil quality losses. Thus the significant correlation of soil quality indices (p≤0.05) with the soil chemical properties indicates that assessment of soil quality using several indices (SFI, SMI, SQIa) shows conclusive information on the soil fertility status. Peat soils - Quality - Malaysia Histosols - Malaysia Soils - Classification - Malaysia 2022-02 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104421/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104421/1/ADEBAYO%20KAYODE%20KABIR%20-%20IR.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Peat soils - Quality - Malaysia Histosols - Malaysia Soils - Classification - Malaysia Ismail, Roslan |