Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide

Controlled-release formulations of diuron were prepared in the laboratory using the concept of physical matrix utilizing sodium alginate and kaolin. The release rates of diuron from the formulations were determined by chemical assay and bioassay. In the chemical assay, using high performance chro...

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Main Author:	Mazlan, Norida
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	1999
Subjects:	Plants Effect of diuron on Diuron
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10444/1/FP_1999_22_A.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.10444
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.104442011-04-14T08:30:55Z Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide 1999-05 Mazlan, Norida Controlled-release formulations of diuron were prepared in the laboratory using the concept of physical matrix utilizing sodium alginate and kaolin. The release rates of diuron from the formulations were determined by chemical assay and bioassay. In the chemical assay, using high performance chromatography with UV detector, significant differences in release rates between formulations were observed from 3 to 7 days after the granules were placed into distilled water. The formulation having a 1:1 ratio of alginate to kaolin with 1 mm granule size showed the fastest release of diuron while release from the 2 mm granules was slower. The release of diuron from the formulations reached a maximum level of 27% at 30 days after placement in water this same rate of release was maintained up to 60 days after the treatment. Increasing the proportion of kaolin to sodium alginate in the controlled-release formulation reduced the release rate of active agent. Bioassays were conducted in the glasshouse to study the release rates of diuron using Brassica rapa seedlings as bioindicator. The controlled-release formulations showed slower release than the conventional formulation at the beginning of the treatments. At 3 weeks after treatment, there was no significant difference in the mortality of the seedlings between the conventional formulation and controlled-release formulations. However, the controlled-release formulations gave significantly higher seedling mortality compared to the conventional formulation at 16 weeks after the treatments. The same results were observed up to 24 weeks after the treatment when the controlled-release formulations caused between 40 to 70% mortality, while the conventional formulation treatment caused only 6% mortality. Among the controlledrelease formulations, the A K-2 formulation (1:1, alginate to kaolin) was found to give the best control with the highest percentage mortality of the seedlings. Plants, Effect of diuron on Diuron Plants, Effect of herbicides on 1999-05 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10444/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10444/1/FP_1999_22_A.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Plants, Effect of diuron on Diuron Plants, Effect of herbicides on Faculty of Agriculture English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Plants Effect of diuron on Diuron Plants Effect of diuron on
spellingShingle	Plants Effect of diuron on Diuron Plants Effect of diuron on Mazlan, Norida Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide
description	Controlled-release formulations of diuron were prepared in the laboratory using the concept of physical matrix utilizing sodium alginate and kaolin. The release rates of diuron from the formulations were determined by chemical assay and bioassay. In the chemical assay, using high performance chromatography with UV detector, significant differences in release rates between formulations were observed from 3 to 7 days after the granules were placed into distilled water. The formulation having a 1:1 ratio of alginate to kaolin with 1 mm granule size showed the fastest release of diuron while release from the 2 mm granules was slower. The release of diuron from the formulations reached a maximum level of 27% at 30 days after placement in water this same rate of release was maintained up to 60 days after the treatment. Increasing the proportion of kaolin to sodium alginate in the controlled-release formulation reduced the release rate of active agent. Bioassays were conducted in the glasshouse to study the release rates of diuron using Brassica rapa seedlings as bioindicator. The controlled-release formulations showed slower release than the conventional formulation at the beginning of the treatments. At 3 weeks after treatment, there was no significant difference in the mortality of the seedlings between the conventional formulation and controlled-release formulations. However, the controlled-release formulations gave significantly higher seedling mortality compared to the conventional formulation at 16 weeks after the treatments. The same results were observed up to 24 weeks after the treatment when the controlled-release formulations caused between 40 to 70% mortality, while the conventional formulation treatment caused only 6% mortality. Among the controlledrelease formulations, the A K-2 formulation (1:1, alginate to kaolin) was found to give the best control with the highest percentage mortality of the seedlings.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mazlan, Norida
author_facet	Mazlan, Norida
author_sort	Mazlan, Norida
title	Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide
title_short	Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide
title_full	Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide
title_fullStr	Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide
title_full_unstemmed	Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide
title_sort	formulation and evaluation of controlled-release diuron as pre-emergence herbicide
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Agriculture
publishDate	1999
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10444/1/FP_1999_22_A.pdf
_version_	1747811123358334976

Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Diuron as Pre-Emergence Herbicide

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