Effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (Musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation
Malaysia is one of the centers of diversity for bananas and plantain. Most of the edible banana available to date originated from the wild type namely Musa acuminata which is non-edible due to the large number of seeds within the pulp. It contains valuable genes and should be conserved. Although...
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Sinniah, Uma Rani |
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Germination Banana - Germplasm resources - Cryopreservation |
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Germination Banana - Germplasm resources - Cryopreservation Mohlisun, Zaitialia Effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (Musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation |
description |
Malaysia is one of the centers of diversity for bananas and plantain. Most of the
edible banana available to date originated from the wild type namely Musa
acuminata which is non-edible due to the large number of seeds within the pulp.
It contains valuable genes and should be conserved. Although there are various
methods of conservation, wild bananas produce seeds freely, thus conservation
based on seeds would be the most cost effective. Despite being classified as
orthodox, i.e., can tolerate desiccation to low moisture content and freezing the
seeds are highly dormant, resulting in very low and erratic germination. This
study was conducted to determine the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3), ethrel and
acetone on wild banana seed germination. Secondly, this study determined the
effect of desiccation on germination of wild banana seeds followed by the effects
of desiccation and cryoprotectants on survival of wild banana embryos after
cryopreservation. In the first part of the study, chemical treatments were used to
break the dormancy and also to improve seed germination. Two ssp. namely
Musa acuminata, malaccensis (low altitude type) and truncata (high altitude
type) were studied. Freshly harvested wild banana seeds were pretreated with
thirteen treatments namely control (no pretreatment, T1), ethrel (v/v); 0.01%
(T2), 0.05% (T3), 0.1% (T4) and 0.5% (T5), GA3 (w/v); 0.02 %, (T6), 0.04 % (T7),
0.06% (T8) and 0.1 % (T9) and acetone (v/v); 10% (T10), 20% (T11), 30% (T12)
and 40% (T13). Data on percentage of germination (G), mean germination time
(MGT), germination index (GI) and percentage of embryo viability using
tetrazolium test were recorded. There was no significant effect among the
treatments on all parameters at P<0.05 for Musa acuminata ssp malaccensis.
Higher germination percentage (26.5%) was observed when seeds were treated
with 40% acetone (T13). The shortest time (MGT) for ssp malaccensis to
germinate, was 11.93 weeks when treated with 0.1% ethrel (T4) and the longest
time (MGT) to germinate was for T13, 20.72 weeks, almost 5 months. Speed of
germination (GI), was higher when treated with 0.05% ethrel (T3), 5.19.
However, there was a significant difference in the germination percentage of
Musa acuminata ssp truncata, whereby seeds treated with ethrel 0.01% (T2)
improved germination up to 93%, an increment of 26% compared to control. The
shortest mean germination time (MGT), was 2.99 weeks when treated with 30%
acetone (T12) and the longest MGT was for 0.1% ethrel (T4), 4.64 weeks. Speed
of germination (GI) was higher when treated with 0.01% ethrel (T2), 99.44. In
the second experiment, wild banana seeds were desiccated to understand the
sensitivity of wild banana seeds to desiccation. Freshly harvested seeds of Musa
acuminata ssp malaccensis and ssp truncata were desiccated to six target
moisture contents (TMC); 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 and 5% followed by germination in
sand and seed moisture content (MC), percentage of seed germination (G),
mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI) and percentage of
survival for the embryo culture were recorded. The germination of Musa
acuminata ssp. truncata seeds was relatively high, with more than 84%.
However, excessive desiccation to below 10% moisture, reduced germination to
58.5%. Finally, in the third experiment, as an alternative the embryo was
removed from the surrounding chalazal mass to obtain high germination. This
option allowed the use of zygotic embryo for conservation of wild banana via
cryopreservation. The zygotic embryos were excised aseptically and subjected
to three cryoprotectants (MS-basal, 0.5 v/v% DMSO and 0.5 w/v% sucrose), a
control without any cryoprotectant was also included in the experiment, prior to
liquid nitrogen exposure. Upon thawing, the embryos were cultured onto MS
medium and evaluated for survival. Pretreatment with only basal media was
sufficient to enhance desiccation tolerance and survival in LN up to 80% as
compared to without cryoprotectant, which had 50% survival. Musa acuminata
ssp malaccensis was tolerant to desiccation but hindrance to germination
prevails. This study demonstrates the germination potential and feasibility of
long term preservation of M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis and M. acuminata ssp.
truncata embryo by cryopreservation. In conclusion, Musa acuminata ssp.
malaccensis is very dormant and chemical enhancer is not effective in
overcoming their dormancy. Germination of Musa acuminata ssp. truncata was
significantly high with control giving 74%, while addition of ethrel at 0.01%
improved germination up to 90%. Musa acuminata ssp. truncata is tolerant to
desiccation. Embryo rescue technique improved germination of Musa acuminata
ssp. malaccensis. Desiccation is an important factor, which can determine the
survival of banana embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Pretreatment with
only basal media can enhance desiccation tolerance and survival in liquid
nitrogen up to 80%. |
format |
Thesis |
qualification_level |
Master's degree |
author |
Mohlisun, Zaitialia |
author_facet |
Mohlisun, Zaitialia |
author_sort |
Mohlisun, Zaitialia |
title |
Effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (Musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation |
title_short |
Effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (Musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation |
title_full |
Effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (Musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation |
title_fullStr |
Effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (Musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (Musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation |
title_sort |
effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation |
granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104486/1/ZAITIALIA%20BINTI%20MOHLISUN%20-%20IR.pdf |
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my-upm-ir.1044862023-09-07T07:46:44Z Effects of chemical treatments on seed germination and desiccation of wild banana (Musa acuminata colla ssp malaccensis and truncata) seeds for cryopreservation 2021-12 Mohlisun, Zaitialia Malaysia is one of the centers of diversity for bananas and plantain. Most of the edible banana available to date originated from the wild type namely Musa acuminata which is non-edible due to the large number of seeds within the pulp. It contains valuable genes and should be conserved. Although there are various methods of conservation, wild bananas produce seeds freely, thus conservation based on seeds would be the most cost effective. Despite being classified as orthodox, i.e., can tolerate desiccation to low moisture content and freezing the seeds are highly dormant, resulting in very low and erratic germination. This study was conducted to determine the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3), ethrel and acetone on wild banana seed germination. Secondly, this study determined the effect of desiccation on germination of wild banana seeds followed by the effects of desiccation and cryoprotectants on survival of wild banana embryos after cryopreservation. In the first part of the study, chemical treatments were used to break the dormancy and also to improve seed germination. Two ssp. namely Musa acuminata, malaccensis (low altitude type) and truncata (high altitude type) were studied. Freshly harvested wild banana seeds were pretreated with thirteen treatments namely control (no pretreatment, T1), ethrel (v/v); 0.01% (T2), 0.05% (T3), 0.1% (T4) and 0.5% (T5), GA3 (w/v); 0.02 %, (T6), 0.04 % (T7), 0.06% (T8) and 0.1 % (T9) and acetone (v/v); 10% (T10), 20% (T11), 30% (T12) and 40% (T13). Data on percentage of germination (G), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI) and percentage of embryo viability using tetrazolium test were recorded. There was no significant effect among the treatments on all parameters at P<0.05 for Musa acuminata ssp malaccensis. Higher germination percentage (26.5%) was observed when seeds were treated with 40% acetone (T13). The shortest time (MGT) for ssp malaccensis to germinate, was 11.93 weeks when treated with 0.1% ethrel (T4) and the longest time (MGT) to germinate was for T13, 20.72 weeks, almost 5 months. Speed of germination (GI), was higher when treated with 0.05% ethrel (T3), 5.19. However, there was a significant difference in the germination percentage of Musa acuminata ssp truncata, whereby seeds treated with ethrel 0.01% (T2) improved germination up to 93%, an increment of 26% compared to control. The shortest mean germination time (MGT), was 2.99 weeks when treated with 30% acetone (T12) and the longest MGT was for 0.1% ethrel (T4), 4.64 weeks. Speed of germination (GI) was higher when treated with 0.01% ethrel (T2), 99.44. In the second experiment, wild banana seeds were desiccated to understand the sensitivity of wild banana seeds to desiccation. Freshly harvested seeds of Musa acuminata ssp malaccensis and ssp truncata were desiccated to six target moisture contents (TMC); 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 and 5% followed by germination in sand and seed moisture content (MC), percentage of seed germination (G), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI) and percentage of survival for the embryo culture were recorded. The germination of Musa acuminata ssp. truncata seeds was relatively high, with more than 84%. However, excessive desiccation to below 10% moisture, reduced germination to 58.5%. Finally, in the third experiment, as an alternative the embryo was removed from the surrounding chalazal mass to obtain high germination. This option allowed the use of zygotic embryo for conservation of wild banana via cryopreservation. The zygotic embryos were excised aseptically and subjected to three cryoprotectants (MS-basal, 0.5 v/v% DMSO and 0.5 w/v% sucrose), a control without any cryoprotectant was also included in the experiment, prior to liquid nitrogen exposure. Upon thawing, the embryos were cultured onto MS medium and evaluated for survival. Pretreatment with only basal media was sufficient to enhance desiccation tolerance and survival in LN up to 80% as compared to without cryoprotectant, which had 50% survival. Musa acuminata ssp malaccensis was tolerant to desiccation but hindrance to germination prevails. This study demonstrates the germination potential and feasibility of long term preservation of M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis and M. acuminata ssp. truncata embryo by cryopreservation. In conclusion, Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis is very dormant and chemical enhancer is not effective in overcoming their dormancy. Germination of Musa acuminata ssp. truncata was significantly high with control giving 74%, while addition of ethrel at 0.01% improved germination up to 90%. Musa acuminata ssp. truncata is tolerant to desiccation. Embryo rescue technique improved germination of Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis. Desiccation is an important factor, which can determine the survival of banana embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Pretreatment with only basal media can enhance desiccation tolerance and survival in liquid nitrogen up to 80%. Germination Banana - Germplasm resources - Cryopreservation 2021-12 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104486/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104486/1/ZAITIALIA%20BINTI%20MOHLISUN%20-%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Germination Banana - Germplasm resources - Cryopreservation Sinniah, Uma Rani |