Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia

National parks should be able to provide economic benefits to help in wildlife conservation. However, tourism operations in Penang National Park are unable to bring economic benefits to the local community. This circumstance has put extreme pressure on the natural resources in Penang National Park a...

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Main Author:	Ibrahim, Hayati
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	Ecotourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Sustainable tourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Wildlife conservation - Malaysia - Penang National Park
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104751/1/FPAS%202022%2014%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.104751
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spelling	my-upm-ir.1047512023-10-10T08:11:07Z Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia 2022-08 Ibrahim, Hayati National parks should be able to provide economic benefits to help in wildlife conservation. However, tourism operations in Penang National Park are unable to bring economic benefits to the local community. This circumstance has put extreme pressure on the natural resources in Penang National Park as a result of illegal activities carried out there as a result of poverty and economic problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the ecotourist responsible behaviour in purchasing local products and services for wildlife conservation in Penang National Park. As environmental psychology is crucial in determining human behaviour, this study employed the Theory of Planned Behaviour to examine the relationship between attitude, emotion, and concern. This study is a quantitative research study and the data were collected cross-sectionally. Samples were obtained using the purposive sampling method and 220 set questionnaires were distributed face to face at the Penang National Park. The instrument's high internal consistency during the pilot study has led to the implementation of actual research. Statistical Software Packages, namely SPSS Amos version 26.0, were used to perform data analysis by structural equation modelling (SEM). Out of the nine hypotheses proposed, eight of them are supported. The findings of the study found that attitude towards behaviour has a significant effect on intention (H1), anticipated emotion has a significant effect on attitude and intention (H2 and H3), environmental concern has a significant effect on attitude and anticipated emotion (H4 and H6). However, the study found that environmental concern has no significant effect on intention (H5). Mediation analysis found that attitude is a mediator for the relationship between anticipated emotion and intention (H7), and attitude is also a mediator for the relationship between environmental concern and intention (H8). Mediation analysis also found that anticipated emotion is a mediator for the relationship between environmental concern and intention (H9). Theoretically, this study would add to the body of knowledge by incorporating the influence of environmental concern and anticipated emotion into the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). This study was the first to examine these two constructs in the extended TPB model, which has demonstrated a high level of explained variance in intention (61%). The findings of this study are critical in assisting stakeholders in the ecotourism industry to plan an effective marketing strategy in order to promote local products and services. An effective marketing strategy can attract ecotourist responsible behaviour in purchasing the local products and services that could support the local economies. Therefore, in formulating effective marketing strategies, marketers must insert elements of emotion and environmental concern in advertising or promotional tools (such as banners, posters, videos, pictures, flyers, etc.) to attract ecotourist responsible behaviour for wildlife conservation. Ecotourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Sustainable tourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Wildlife conservation - Malaysia - Penang National Park 2022-08 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104751/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104751/1/FPAS%202022%2014%20IR.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Ecotourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Sustainable tourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Wildlife conservation - Malaysia - Penang National Park Mariapan, Manohar
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Mariapan, Manohar
topic	Ecotourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Sustainable tourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Wildlife conservation - Malaysia - Penang National Park
spellingShingle	Ecotourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Sustainable tourism - Malaysia - Penang National Park Wildlife conservation - Malaysia - Penang National Park Ibrahim, Hayati Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia
description	National parks should be able to provide economic benefits to help in wildlife conservation. However, tourism operations in Penang National Park are unable to bring economic benefits to the local community. This circumstance has put extreme pressure on the natural resources in Penang National Park as a result of illegal activities carried out there as a result of poverty and economic problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the ecotourist responsible behaviour in purchasing local products and services for wildlife conservation in Penang National Park. As environmental psychology is crucial in determining human behaviour, this study employed the Theory of Planned Behaviour to examine the relationship between attitude, emotion, and concern. This study is a quantitative research study and the data were collected cross-sectionally. Samples were obtained using the purposive sampling method and 220 set questionnaires were distributed face to face at the Penang National Park. The instrument's high internal consistency during the pilot study has led to the implementation of actual research. Statistical Software Packages, namely SPSS Amos version 26.0, were used to perform data analysis by structural equation modelling (SEM). Out of the nine hypotheses proposed, eight of them are supported. The findings of the study found that attitude towards behaviour has a significant effect on intention (H1), anticipated emotion has a significant effect on attitude and intention (H2 and H3), environmental concern has a significant effect on attitude and anticipated emotion (H4 and H6). However, the study found that environmental concern has no significant effect on intention (H5). Mediation analysis found that attitude is a mediator for the relationship between anticipated emotion and intention (H7), and attitude is also a mediator for the relationship between environmental concern and intention (H8). Mediation analysis also found that anticipated emotion is a mediator for the relationship between environmental concern and intention (H9). Theoretically, this study would add to the body of knowledge by incorporating the influence of environmental concern and anticipated emotion into the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). This study was the first to examine these two constructs in the extended TPB model, which has demonstrated a high level of explained variance in intention (61%). The findings of this study are critical in assisting stakeholders in the ecotourism industry to plan an effective marketing strategy in order to promote local products and services. An effective marketing strategy can attract ecotourist responsible behaviour in purchasing the local products and services that could support the local economies. Therefore, in formulating effective marketing strategies, marketers must insert elements of emotion and environmental concern in advertising or promotional tools (such as banners, posters, videos, pictures, flyers, etc.) to attract ecotourist responsible behaviour for wildlife conservation.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Ibrahim, Hayati
author_facet	Ibrahim, Hayati
author_sort	Ibrahim, Hayati
title	Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia
title_short	Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia
title_full	Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia
title_sort	relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in penang national park, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2022
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104751/1/FPAS%202022%2014%20IR.pdf
_version_	1783725843085787136

Relationship between attitude, emotion and concern towards responsible ecotourism behaviour in Penang National Park, Malaysia

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