Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy

Controlled-release formulation (CRF) of alachlor and diuron were prepared by a monolithic system using low methylester pectin and high methylester pectin as the polymers for the purpose of improving the initial release of active ingredient (a.i.) from the formulations. The release rates for both...

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Main Author:	Basari, Sopiah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2003
Subjects:	Alachlor - Case studies Diuron - Case studies
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10653/1/FP_2003_17_A.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.10653
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.106532011-05-09T04:26:47Z Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy 2003-06 Basari, Sopiah Controlled-release formulation (CRF) of alachlor and diuron were prepared by a monolithic system using low methylester pectin and high methylester pectin as the polymers for the purpose of improving the initial release of active ingredient (a.i.) from the formulations. The release rates for both herbicides were evaluated by chemical assay and bioassay. Chemical assay using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector showed the pectin-kaolin CRFs (PIKl, P2Kl, PIK and P2K) release a.i. was faster compared with alginate:pectin-kaolin CRFs (APIKl, AP2Kl, APIK and AP2K) and alginate-kaolin CRFs (AKI and AK2), six hours after placement in water. The release reached a constant level at three, five and seven days after placement in water for pectin-kaolin, alginate:pectin-kaolin and alginate-kaolin CRFs, respectively. The determination of release rate by bioassay technique was conducted in the glasshouse using Cucumis sativus and Brassica juncea seedlings as bioindicators for alachlor and diuron, respectively. At 3 days, after treatment (DAT), the CRF of alachlor (APIKl, AP2Kl, PIKI and P2Kl) showed a better performance in inhibiting shoot and root length of C. sativus compared to AKI. Similar result was observed for fresh weight of C. sativus at 15 DAT. The APIKl, AP2Kl, PIKI and P2Kl also showed a similar performance with the conventional spray formulation of alachlor (CFl) at the initial treatments. These indicated that the presence of pectin in the CRF improved the initial release of alachlor. At 160, DAT, all the CRFs showed a better effect compared to CFl indicating the prolonged activity of alachlor through the CRF. Similar results was observed for the CRFs of diuron in inhibiting germination of B. juncea. At 7 DAT, the pectin-koalin CRF (PIK and P2K) showed similar performance with the conventional spray formulation of diuron (CF) and significantly higher mortality was recorded from the CRFs of diuron compared to CF at 120 and 160 DAT. Alachlor - Case studies Diuron - Case studies 2003-06 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10653/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10653/1/FP_2003_17_A.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Alachlor - Case studies Diuron - Case studies Faculty of Agriculture English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Alachlor - Case studies Diuron - Case studies
spellingShingle	Alachlor - Case studies Diuron - Case studies Basari, Sopiah Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy
description	Controlled-release formulation (CRF) of alachlor and diuron were prepared by a monolithic system using low methylester pectin and high methylester pectin as the polymers for the purpose of improving the initial release of active ingredient (a.i.) from the formulations. The release rates for both herbicides were evaluated by chemical assay and bioassay. Chemical assay using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector showed the pectin-kaolin CRFs (PIKl, P2Kl, PIK and P2K) release a.i. was faster compared with alginate:pectin-kaolin CRFs (APIKl, AP2Kl, APIK and AP2K) and alginate-kaolin CRFs (AKI and AK2), six hours after placement in water. The release reached a constant level at three, five and seven days after placement in water for pectin-kaolin, alginate:pectin-kaolin and alginate-kaolin CRFs, respectively. The determination of release rate by bioassay technique was conducted in the glasshouse using Cucumis sativus and Brassica juncea seedlings as bioindicators for alachlor and diuron, respectively. At 3 days, after treatment (DAT), the CRF of alachlor (APIKl, AP2Kl, PIKI and P2Kl) showed a better performance in inhibiting shoot and root length of C. sativus compared to AKI. Similar result was observed for fresh weight of C. sativus at 15 DAT. The APIKl, AP2Kl, PIKI and P2Kl also showed a similar performance with the conventional spray formulation of alachlor (CFl) at the initial treatments. These indicated that the presence of pectin in the CRF improved the initial release of alachlor. At 160, DAT, all the CRFs showed a better effect compared to CFl indicating the prolonged activity of alachlor through the CRF. Similar results was observed for the CRFs of diuron in inhibiting germination of B. juncea. At 7 DAT, the pectin-koalin CRF (PIK and P2K) showed similar performance with the conventional spray formulation of diuron (CF) and significantly higher mortality was recorded from the CRFs of diuron compared to CF at 120 and 160 DAT.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Basari, Sopiah
author_facet	Basari, Sopiah
author_sort	Basari, Sopiah
title	Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy
title_short	Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy
title_full	Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy
title_fullStr	Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy
title_full_unstemmed	Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy
title_sort	modification of alginate controlled-release formulations of alachlor and diuron with pectin: their release kinetics and efficacy
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Agriculture
publishDate	2003
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10653/1/FP_2003_17_A.pdf
_version_	1747811169142308864

Modification of Alginate Controlled-Release Formulations of Alachlor and Diuron with Pectin: Their Release Kinetics and Efficacy

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