Physical, phase transformation and elastic properties of wollastonite glass-ceramics fabricated using eggshell and waste glass
Wollastonite, also widely recognized as calcium silicate (CaSiO3), has received extensive research due to its numerous application such a tiles and cement. A lot of attention has been paid recently to the physical characterization, transformation of phases, and elastic wollastonite glass-ceramics...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112696/1/112696.pdf |
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| Summary: | Wollastonite, also widely recognized as calcium silicate (CaSiO3), has received
extensive research due to its numerous application such a tiles and cement. A
lot of attention has been paid recently to the physical characterization,
transformation of phases, and elastic wollastonite glass-ceramics properties.
The main aims of this research are to fabricate wollastonite glass-ceramics
from waste products and to study the physical, structural, and elastic properties
of wollastonite glass-ceramics. A series of glass with combine composition
derived from ES–ZnO–B2O3–SLS and classified as EZBSLS glasses were
prepared via melt-quenching method with empirical formula, x(ES)–5ZnO–
10B2O3–100-x(SLS) where x = 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.%. The wollastonite
glass-ceramics were originated from the parent glasses by a controlled heattreatment
process at various temperatures of 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °C at 2
hours holding time. The detail of chemical composition of ES and SLS glass
was discovered by using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The
results indicated that the major elements in SLS glass was SiO2 with 70.5
wt.%. Meanwhile, for ES, the main element composed of CaO with 96.8 wt.%
which confirms that the SLS glass waste and ES can be used as SiO2 and CaO
source. Archimedes method was used to measure bulk density of EZBSLS
glasses and wollastonite glass-ceramics. Meanwhile, the molar volume of the
samples were calculated by using formula from the molecular weight of the
atom divided by the density of the sample. Based on the result, the bulk density
of the EZBSLS glasses was increased from 2.684 to 2.779 g/cm3 with the
increasing of ES content. Furthermore, the density of the wollastonite glassceramics
was also increased along with the advancement of heat-treatment
temperature and the highest density referred to ELZBSLS4 at 1000 °C which is
2.843 g/cm3. The structural properties of EZBSLS glass and wollastonite glassceramics
samples were determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission
Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR) Spectroscopy. The XRD result revealed no peak appeared proving that
the EZBSLS glasses are fully amorphous in structure. For wollastonite glassceramics,
the analysis showed the wollastonite crystal phase started to grow at
the heat-treatment temperature of 800 °C and the peak intensity linearly
increased with the increment of ES content and heat-treatment temperatures.
From the result, the intense peak of wollastonite crystal phase (JCPDS 84-654)
was detected at 900 °C with the optimum 25 wt.% ES content. FTIR reflection
spectroscopy was the used to assess structural of glass and wollastonite glassceramics
in the range 400 – 4000 cm-1. The presence of several types of
vibration such as Ca–O, Si–O–Si, and the detection of Ca-O-Si bands in FTIR
measurement methods confirms the formation of wollastonite crystal phase in
the EZBSLS glass matrix. Furthermore, the microstructure of wollastonite
glass-ceramics was analyzed at 900 °C and the 25 wt.% ES sample showed an
early stage of homogenous distribution in uniform shape of wollastonite crystal.
Next, the EZBSLS glasses and wollastonite glass-ceramics were analyzed by
their elastic properties by non-destructive ultrasonic velocity testing. As can be
concluded that EZBSLS3 heat-treated at 900 °C is the most stable and optimal
with value of bulk and Young’s modulus are 167.538 and 143.572 GPa. |
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