Immunocharacterisation of lymphoid organs in brown-marble grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskal, 1775)
Aquaculture in Malaysia has been expanded and developed to be one of the economic potentials of the country. The grouper industry in Malaysia however, has been hindered by massive issues associated with infectious diseases. As a consequence, understanding immunology in this commercially important...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2021
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112944/1/112944.pdf |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Aquaculture in Malaysia has been expanded and developed to be one of the economic
potentials of the country. The grouper industry in Malaysia however, has been hindered
by massive issues associated with infectious diseases. As a consequence, understanding
immunology in this commercially important species is vital. The current study aimed to
give essential insight into the differences in immunological robustness between these
lymphoid organs in the humoral or cellular functional studies. Tissue leukocytes were
isolated from brown-marble grouper's lymphoid organs (spleen, head kidney, and guts)
(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Leukocytes isolated were used to profile the phenotypic
characterization of leukocytes by flow cytometric scattering profile and
immunofluorescent staining of CD8α+, humoral functional studies like respiratory burst
assay, lysozyme assay, and myeloperoxidase assay. Immunofluorescent staining of
CD8α+ demonstrated that the gut had a significantly higher CD8α+ cell population
(4.44 ± 0.53%) and upon dividing the CD8α cells based on size, the grouper spleen
possessed a significantly higher percentage of large CD8α+ cell size (2.89 ± 0.43%).
Meanwhile, the gut had the most abundant of small-sized CD8α+ (3.33 ± 0.45%). On
the other hand, among the tested humoral and cellular functional assays, activated gut
resident leukocytes recorded strong humoral immune reactions and cellular immune
reactions. In humoral immune reaction, the gut has strong robustness in both
respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase assay with (1.01 ± 0.05) and (120.11 ± 26.62)
respectively. In addition, the gut showed a higher immune reaction in cellular immune
reactions of phagocytosis assay with (3.97 ± 01.24%). As for the humoral and cellular
immune reactions that will further promote pro-inflammatory responses, such as
lysozyme assay and lymphoproliferation assay grouper gut showed weaker immune
robustness compared to the head kidney and spleen. In lysozyme assay, head kidney
and spleen were more robust with (0.36±0.03) and (0.31±0.35) respectively. Overall,
the present study demonstrated that different grouper lymphoid organs have varying
immune responses robustness depending on the tested immune parameter. According to
the result, as a mucosal lymphoid organ, the grouper gut had more robust immune
responses upon activation than the systemic lymphoid organs. This can be observed in
both assays of phagocytosis and respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase assay.
However, the gut showed weaker immune responses in the lymphoproliferation and
lysozymes assay. This indicated that the grouper gut has weaker robustness in the
immune reactions that can trigger more pro-inflammatory responses. This might be a
beneficial mechanism to maintain intestinal homeostasis and to protect the resident gut
commensal microbiota. The current study gives valuable insight into the differences in
the immune functionality and robustness of different lymphoid organs. These findings
can facilitate future research to choose the suitable lymphoid organs to be assayed for
the selected functional tests, which in turn enable accurate evaluation of the target
treatment in grouper. |
|---|