Evaluation of different types of Moroccan Phosphate Rock on phosphorus and other nutrient uptakes by oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings
Malaysia has a total of 5.87 million ha of oil palm planted area and it is the world’s second largest palm oil producer. Malaysia has also subjected for 25.8% of world’s palm oil production and 34.3% of world’s oil palm exports. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most essential elements for plant growt...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113697/1/113697.pdf |
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| Summary: | Malaysia has a total of 5.87 million ha of oil palm planted area and it is the
world’s second largest palm oil producer. Malaysia has also subjected for 25.8%
of world’s palm oil production and 34.3% of world’s oil palm exports. Phosphorus
(P) is one of the most essential elements for plant growth but P deficiency is
considered to be one of the major limitations for crop production on a global
scale, in particular tropical acid soils. To fulfill the P demand for crop production,
oil palm plantation in Malaysia has been relying heavily on the use of P fertilizer
in particular phosphate rocks (PRs), due to its solubility in acid soils and lower
cost. The reactivity of PRs used in Malaysia however are very low and will
eventually affect the plant’s performance. Recently, PRs from different
geographical locations are being transported into the Malaysian market.
Moroccan Phosphate Rock (MPR) reserves a large production of phosphate in
the market which can be a good alternative to the previous PR deposit. Hence,
the aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance of different oil
palm genotype seedling applied with different types of MPRs. An incubation
study was conducted to evaluate the release of P in acid soils. 700g of two
different acid soils (Munchong and Bungor series soils) were incubated with
three different types of MPR (Type A, B and C) at the rate of 350 mg P kg-1 of
soil for 15 weeks. Egyptian Phosphate Rocks (EPRs) was used as a
comparison. Apart from that, a field study was also conducted on oil palm
seedlings. Different rates and types of PRs was being evaluated for its effectiveness on N, P, K, Ca and Mg uptake. Five different rates of MPR Type B
(0, 50, 100, 200 and 400mg P kg-1) were applied two times; first and fourth
month of 8 months throughout the study into 20kg of mixture of topsoil (70%) and
sand (30%) and put into polythene bag with the size of 20’x20’. While for the
different types of MPR, the experiment was conducted simultaneously with the
previous experiment. Three types of MPR were used (Type A, B and C) at the
rate of 100 mg P kg-1 with EPR was chosen as a comparison. 4 months old of oil
palm seedlings from two different genotypes (Felda Yangambi and Sime Darby
Avros) were used. The treatments were carried out for 8 months and arranged in
a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4replications. Meanwhile, a
detection of organic acid from oil palm seedlings root exudates under P-stress
condition was performed for the third study. As for the result, the changes of
extractable P in soils treated with MPR is higher compared to the EPR.
Munchong series soil showed a better soil property in term of nutrient absorption
into the soils. The lower amount of Al oxides in Munchong soil series attributed to
the higher changes of extractable P in soils. Meanwhile, the rates and types of
PR application had a significant effect on the nutrient uptake of the oil palm
seedlings. A positive correlation was obtained for all plant nutrients which
indicate that application of PRs into the soil improves the nutrient in plant. The
rate of PR application at 100 mg P kg-1 was found to be the optimum rate for P
uptake of the oil palm seedlings. As for different types of PR application, MPR
Type B was found to be superior in providing P for plant uptake. Lastly, the
detection of organic acid exuded by the plant roots under P- stress condition
resulted in the identification of two organic acids; oxalate and citrate. All in all,
these findings bring to the conclusion that MPR Type B at the rate of 100mg P
kg-1 has been identified as an optimum and affective amount in supplying
sufficient P and others nutrient (N, K, Ca, and Mg) uptake to the oil palm
seedlings. Hence, MPR Type B can be a good alternative to the current PR used in Malaysia. |
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