The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs

The global impact of air pollution encompasses the population health and the economic status of a nation. Air pollution or 'haze' contains a variety of noxious agents including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). This compound is known to induce acute or chronic deleterious effects. The objectives of th...

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Main Author:	Hamzah, Hazilawati
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2000
Subjects:	Dogs - Diseases Dogs - Diseases - Treatment
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11882/1/FPV_2000_3.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.11882
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.118822024-06-27T02:47:27Z The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs 2000-09 Hamzah, Hazilawati The global impact of air pollution encompasses the population health and the economic status of a nation. Air pollution or 'haze' contains a variety of noxious agents including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). This compound is known to induce acute or chronic deleterious effects. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of BaP on the physiology, defense mechanism and pathology of the lung, to suggest sensitive diagnostic techniques for the diagnosis of early carcinogenesis and to recommend preventive measures to minimise the effect of BaP. An experiment was conducted in 27 dogs that are allocated to nine groups simulating different environmental condition and health status. The groups comprising of three dogs each were as follows: control, BaP, cyclosporine (Cyclo), Selenium (Se), BaP+Cyclo, BaP+Se, BaP+Cyclo+Se and Tricaprylin (Tri). Benzo(a)pyrene was given at the dose of 120 ng/dog intratracheally twice, six week apart, Se 20 ug/dog/day and cyclosporine at the dose 50 mg/m2. The tidal volume (Vt) and whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity was analysed weekly for 12 weeks. While at necropsy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology, alveolar macrophage (AM0) activities, BAL immunoglobulin (Ig) G and Ig A level, gross and histopathology of lungs were also analysed. The finding revealed that the tidal volume (Vt) remain unchanged in all groups during the experimental period. The pulmonary immune response includes AM0 number, phagocytic and intracellular killing activities, and Ig A level in bronchoial alveolar lavage (BAL) that was markedly suppressed in the BaP, Cyclo and BaP+Cyclo groups. Subsequently, the BaP and BaP+Cyclo+Se group exhibited gross and microscopic appearance of tumorigenesis, which was diagnosed as pulmonary adenocarcinoma with expression of mutant p53 protein while the BaP+Cyclo and BaP+Se had atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Based on the finding, exposure to BaP can lead to pulmonary immuno-suppression and tumorigenesis in dogs. It is also showed that during haze episode, immuno-stressed individuals are more prone to the development of pulmonary immuno-suppression and tumorigenesis. Selenium supplementation or cyclosporine has great potential in combating these deleterious effects. However, simultaneous supplementation of Se together with cyclosporine during haze is not advised, since this will promote tumorigenesis in the lung. In conclusion, intratracheal instillation (twice, six week apart) of 120 llg BaP/dog causes insignificant reduction of Vt, pulmonary immunosuppression and pulmonary carcinogenesis. The immunocytochemical detection of p53 can be used as a sensitive diagnostic technique for the diagnosis of early pulmonary carcinogenesis. Daily oral administration of Se as a supplement has great potential in minimising the adverse effect of BaP. Dogs - Diseases Dogs - Diseases - Treatment 2000-09 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11882/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11882/1/FPV_2000_3.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Dogs - Diseases Dogs - Diseases - Treatment Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mohamed Mustapha, Noordin English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
advisor	Mohamed Mustapha, Noordin
topic	Dogs - Diseases Dogs - Diseases - Treatment
spellingShingle	Dogs - Diseases Dogs - Diseases - Treatment Hamzah, Hazilawati The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs
description	The global impact of air pollution encompasses the population health and the economic status of a nation. Air pollution or 'haze' contains a variety of noxious agents including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). This compound is known to induce acute or chronic deleterious effects. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of BaP on the physiology, defense mechanism and pathology of the lung, to suggest sensitive diagnostic techniques for the diagnosis of early carcinogenesis and to recommend preventive measures to minimise the effect of BaP. An experiment was conducted in 27 dogs that are allocated to nine groups simulating different environmental condition and health status. The groups comprising of three dogs each were as follows: control, BaP, cyclosporine (Cyclo), Selenium (Se), BaP+Cyclo, BaP+Se, BaP+Cyclo+Se and Tricaprylin (Tri). Benzo(a)pyrene was given at the dose of 120 ng/dog intratracheally twice, six week apart, Se 20 ug/dog/day and cyclosporine at the dose 50 mg/m2. The tidal volume (Vt) and whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity was analysed weekly for 12 weeks. While at necropsy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology, alveolar macrophage (AM0) activities, BAL immunoglobulin (Ig) G and Ig A level, gross and histopathology of lungs were also analysed. The finding revealed that the tidal volume (Vt) remain unchanged in all groups during the experimental period. The pulmonary immune response includes AM0 number, phagocytic and intracellular killing activities, and Ig A level in bronchoial alveolar lavage (BAL) that was markedly suppressed in the BaP, Cyclo and BaP+Cyclo groups. Subsequently, the BaP and BaP+Cyclo+Se group exhibited gross and microscopic appearance of tumorigenesis, which was diagnosed as pulmonary adenocarcinoma with expression of mutant p53 protein while the BaP+Cyclo and BaP+Se had atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Based on the finding, exposure to BaP can lead to pulmonary immuno-suppression and tumorigenesis in dogs. It is also showed that during haze episode, immuno-stressed individuals are more prone to the development of pulmonary immuno-suppression and tumorigenesis. Selenium supplementation or cyclosporine has great potential in combating these deleterious effects. However, simultaneous supplementation of Se together with cyclosporine during haze is not advised, since this will promote tumorigenesis in the lung. In conclusion, intratracheal instillation (twice, six week apart) of 120 llg BaP/dog causes insignificant reduction of Vt, pulmonary immunosuppression and pulmonary carcinogenesis. The immunocytochemical detection of p53 can be used as a sensitive diagnostic technique for the diagnosis of early pulmonary carcinogenesis. Daily oral administration of Se as a supplement has great potential in minimising the adverse effect of BaP.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Hamzah, Hazilawati
author_facet	Hamzah, Hazilawati
author_sort	Hamzah, Hazilawati
title	The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs
title_short	The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs
title_full	The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs
title_fullStr	The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs
title_sort	effect of benzo (a) pyrene (bap) on the respiratory tract of dogs
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
publishDate	2000
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11882/1/FPV_2000_3.pdf
_version_	1804888665360433152

The Effect of Benzo (A) Pyrene (BaP) On the Respiratory Tract of Dogs

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