Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles

Many of researchers nowadays synthesize Cu and Cr nanoparticles using chemical and electrochemical method which contribute to the complicated synthesizing process and reduction of metal ions cannot be carried out without using reducing agent. Gamma irradiation method was successfully applied to the...

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Main Author:	Mohd Nor, Najah Syamirah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2011
Subjects:	Radiation Copper Nanoparticles
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/20865/1/FS_2011_55_IR.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.208652022-01-26T04:36:27Z Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles 2011-12 Mohd Nor, Najah Syamirah Many of researchers nowadays synthesize Cu and Cr nanoparticles using chemical and electrochemical method which contribute to the complicated synthesizing process and reduction of metal ions cannot be carried out without using reducing agent. Gamma irradiation method was successfully applied to the preparation of Cu and Cr nanoparticles embedded in PVA and PVP polymer matrix in aqueous solution under ambient temperature. The aqueous solution of CuCl2 and CrCl3 blend in both polymer matrixes were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays to doses up to 50 kGy. The aqueous solution of metal/polymer creating hydrated electron, primary radicals and molecules upon the irradiation process. The optical properties were employed by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer to examine the optical properties of Cu and Cr nanoparticles. The absorption peaks for Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP have been observed increase with increase of -irradiation doses and demonstrates slightly blue shift due to the smaller particles size with increase of dose. The absorption spectra of Cu and Cr nanoparticles were analyzed further for absorption edge and energy of conduction band. From the plot of absorption coefficient  versus photon energy h, the absorption edge of both nanoparticles was found increases when the dose increases for Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in both PVA and PVP polymer matrix. The energy of conduction band of Cu and Cr nanoparticles was determined by the photon energy equation, Ecb = hc/maxwhere h is Planck’s constant, c is the speed of light and max is the wavelength value of maximum intensity of surface plasmon peaks. The value of energy conduction band calculated from the photon energy equation was found to be increases as dose increase up to 50 kGy for both Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP polymer matrix. The crystalline structure of Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP polymer matrix was investigate through X-ray diffraction analysis. Pure metallic Cu with face-centered cubic structure was observed for all irradiated samples dispersed in both PVA and PVP polymer matrix. Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP was observed with body centered cubic structure. The intensity of both Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP increased with increase of -irradiation dose. The size of Cu and Cr nanoparticles was determined by TEM analysis. The size of the nanoparticles was observed to be decrease with increase of gamma radiation doses. The average size of Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA is smaller than dispersed in PVP because of the polymer chain of PVA is longer than PVP. The agglomeration process of Cu and Cr nanoparticles occurred more in PVP polymer matrix due to the shorter polymer chain. Radiation Copper Nanoparticles 2011-12 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/20865/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/20865/1/FS_2011_55_IR.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Radiation Copper Nanoparticles Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Radiation Copper Nanoparticles
spellingShingle	Radiation Copper Nanoparticles Mohd Nor, Najah Syamirah Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles
description	Many of researchers nowadays synthesize Cu and Cr nanoparticles using chemical and electrochemical method which contribute to the complicated synthesizing process and reduction of metal ions cannot be carried out without using reducing agent. Gamma irradiation method was successfully applied to the preparation of Cu and Cr nanoparticles embedded in PVA and PVP polymer matrix in aqueous solution under ambient temperature. The aqueous solution of CuCl2 and CrCl3 blend in both polymer matrixes were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays to doses up to 50 kGy. The aqueous solution of metal/polymer creating hydrated electron, primary radicals and molecules upon the irradiation process. The optical properties were employed by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer to examine the optical properties of Cu and Cr nanoparticles. The absorption peaks for Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP have been observed increase with increase of -irradiation doses and demonstrates slightly blue shift due to the smaller particles size with increase of dose. The absorption spectra of Cu and Cr nanoparticles were analyzed further for absorption edge and energy of conduction band. From the plot of absorption coefficient  versus photon energy h, the absorption edge of both nanoparticles was found increases when the dose increases for Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in both PVA and PVP polymer matrix. The energy of conduction band of Cu and Cr nanoparticles was determined by the photon energy equation, Ecb = hc/maxwhere h is Planck’s constant, c is the speed of light and max is the wavelength value of maximum intensity of surface plasmon peaks. The value of energy conduction band calculated from the photon energy equation was found to be increases as dose increase up to 50 kGy for both Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP polymer matrix. The crystalline structure of Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP polymer matrix was investigate through X-ray diffraction analysis. Pure metallic Cu with face-centered cubic structure was observed for all irradiated samples dispersed in both PVA and PVP polymer matrix. Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP was observed with body centered cubic structure. The intensity of both Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA and PVP increased with increase of -irradiation dose. The size of Cu and Cr nanoparticles was determined by TEM analysis. The size of the nanoparticles was observed to be decrease with increase of gamma radiation doses. The average size of Cu and Cr nanoparticles dispersed in PVA is smaller than dispersed in PVP because of the polymer chain of PVA is longer than PVP. The agglomeration process of Cu and Cr nanoparticles occurred more in PVP polymer matrix due to the shorter polymer chain.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd Nor, Najah Syamirah
author_facet	Mohd Nor, Najah Syamirah
author_sort	Mohd Nor, Najah Syamirah
title	Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles
title_short	Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles
title_full	Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles
title_fullStr	Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles
title_sort	radiation-induced synthesis and characterization of copper and chromium nanoparticles
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2011
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/20865/1/FS_2011_55_IR.pdf
_version_	1747811478578135040

Radiation-Induced Synthesis and Characterization of Copper and Chromium Nanoparticles

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