Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy.

Nitrogen (N) presents in plant materials usually in the form of protein and its analysis in the laboratory usually involve digestion process. In the digestion process, protein nitrogen is converted to the ammonium form by heating with concentrated sulphuric acid in the presence of a catalyst mixture...

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Main Author:	Adni, Ahmad Sarwani
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2010
Subjects:	Oil palm Reflectance spectroscopy Leaves - Nitrogen content
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22033/1/FP%202010%2035R.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.220332024-07-16T01:42:23Z Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy. 2010-01 Adni, Ahmad Sarwani Nitrogen (N) presents in plant materials usually in the form of protein and its analysis in the laboratory usually involve digestion process. In the digestion process, protein nitrogen is converted to the ammonium form by heating with concentrated sulphuric acid in the presence of a catalyst mixture of sodium sulphate and selenium. The method for determining the final ammonium may be either by distillation, as in the classical Kjeldahl method, or by an instrumental analysis. In recent years, a new method has been developed to measure N content in leaves using a fiber optic spectrometer. This method allows N content in leaves to be determined in situ and it can provide real time data of N content in leaves. Compared to the traditional destructive methods, this method will reduce the cost of analyzing the plant nutrient contents by minimizing chemical cost, time and labor requirements. Furthermore, since this technique does not involve the use of chemicals, there will be no generation of chemical waste. An example of this new method is the miniature fiber optic spectrometer with specially designed leaf probe, the Ocean Optic HR2000 High Resolution Miniature Fiber Optic Spectrometer. However, to get accurate data from this probe, a relationship between the data obtained from the sensor must be correlated with actual foliar nutrient levels measured in the laboratory. Very few studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between the N data obtained using the leaf probe and the N level measured in the laboratory. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the relationship between the reflectance measurements using the Ocean Optic HR2000 High Resolution Miniature Fiber Optic Spectrometer with N concentration determined using the traditional wet-chemistry procedure (Kjeldahl digestion technique) from fresh oil palm leaf of different fertilization treatments and from fresh oil palm leaf of different ages. Significant relationships were found between reflectance of fresh oil palm leaves with N from Kjeldahl method. The N concentration in the leaf samples of oil palm from different ages analyzed by the Kjeldahl technique ranged from 1.89 % to 3.24 %. When the oil palm leaves from each field were analyzed separately, the highest relationships were measured in the red region of the spectrum between 699.98 to 700.87 nm. The use of pooled data to obtain the regression equations resulted in precision greater than that achieved with the single-field data. The best regression line in predicting leaf N concentration from the measured reflectance was obtained using the combined (pooled) data and the equation was Leaf N=2.7935-0.0014Reflectance. The difference between the mean of actual N concentration and the mean of predicted N concentration from pooled data was only 0.031%, which was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05, df=266) according to the performed t-test. The results indicate that the reflectance spectroscopy method using the Ocean Optic HR2000 High Resolution Miniature Fiber Optic Spectrometer was reliable for the determination of N concentration in fresh oil palm leaves. Oil palm Reflectance spectroscopy Leaves - Nitrogen content 2010-01 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22033/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22033/1/FP%202010%2035R.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Oil palm Reflectance spectroscopy Leaves - Nitrogen content Faculty of Agriculture Abdul Rahim, Anuar English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
advisor	Abdul Rahim, Anuar
topic	Oil palm Reflectance spectroscopy Leaves - Nitrogen content
spellingShingle	Oil palm Reflectance spectroscopy Leaves - Nitrogen content Adni, Ahmad Sarwani Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy.
description	Nitrogen (N) presents in plant materials usually in the form of protein and its analysis in the laboratory usually involve digestion process. In the digestion process, protein nitrogen is converted to the ammonium form by heating with concentrated sulphuric acid in the presence of a catalyst mixture of sodium sulphate and selenium. The method for determining the final ammonium may be either by distillation, as in the classical Kjeldahl method, or by an instrumental analysis. In recent years, a new method has been developed to measure N content in leaves using a fiber optic spectrometer. This method allows N content in leaves to be determined in situ and it can provide real time data of N content in leaves. Compared to the traditional destructive methods, this method will reduce the cost of analyzing the plant nutrient contents by minimizing chemical cost, time and labor requirements. Furthermore, since this technique does not involve the use of chemicals, there will be no generation of chemical waste. An example of this new method is the miniature fiber optic spectrometer with specially designed leaf probe, the Ocean Optic HR2000 High Resolution Miniature Fiber Optic Spectrometer. However, to get accurate data from this probe, a relationship between the data obtained from the sensor must be correlated with actual foliar nutrient levels measured in the laboratory. Very few studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between the N data obtained using the leaf probe and the N level measured in the laboratory. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the relationship between the reflectance measurements using the Ocean Optic HR2000 High Resolution Miniature Fiber Optic Spectrometer with N concentration determined using the traditional wet-chemistry procedure (Kjeldahl digestion technique) from fresh oil palm leaf of different fertilization treatments and from fresh oil palm leaf of different ages. Significant relationships were found between reflectance of fresh oil palm leaves with N from Kjeldahl method. The N concentration in the leaf samples of oil palm from different ages analyzed by the Kjeldahl technique ranged from 1.89 % to 3.24 %. When the oil palm leaves from each field were analyzed separately, the highest relationships were measured in the red region of the spectrum between 699.98 to 700.87 nm. The use of pooled data to obtain the regression equations resulted in precision greater than that achieved with the single-field data. The best regression line in predicting leaf N concentration from the measured reflectance was obtained using the combined (pooled) data and the equation was Leaf N=2.7935-0.0014Reflectance. The difference between the mean of actual N concentration and the mean of predicted N concentration from pooled data was only 0.031%, which was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05, df=266) according to the performed t-test. The results indicate that the reflectance spectroscopy method using the Ocean Optic HR2000 High Resolution Miniature Fiber Optic Spectrometer was reliable for the determination of N concentration in fresh oil palm leaves.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Adni, Ahmad Sarwani
author_facet	Adni, Ahmad Sarwani
author_sort	Adni, Ahmad Sarwani
title	Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy.
title_short	Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy.
title_full	Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy.
title_fullStr	Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy.
title_full_unstemmed	Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy.
title_sort	determination of oil palm leaf nitrogen concentration by reflectance spectroscopy.
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Agriculture
publishDate	2010
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22033/1/FP%202010%2035R.pdf
_version_	1804888721577738240

Determination of Oil Palm Leaf Nitrogen Concentration by Reflectance Spectroscopy.

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