Prediction of Total Suspended Sediments in Penang Waters Using Remote Sensing
Total suspended sediments (TSS) are one of the main causes of pollution in the country’s coastal areas. Land-based loaded and seabed resuspension are two main sources of TSS in coastal and estuary areas. In this study, remote sensing techniques were used to predict TSS concentrations. Landsat-5...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2004
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/231/1/549517_FK_2004_77.pdf |
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| Summary: | Total suspended sediments (TSS) are one of the main causes of pollution
in the country’s coastal areas. Land-based loaded and seabed resuspension
are two main sources of TSS in coastal and estuary areas. In
this study, remote sensing techniques were used to predict TSS
concentrations.
Landsat-5 TM satellite imagery was used simultaneously with groundtruth
data collected on 27th May 2000 in the Penang Straits. Various
image processing steps such as geometric correction, radiometric
correction and atmospheric correction were carried out in this study.
Initially, digital number (DN) of imagery was corrected and converted
into reflectance values for algorithm development. Subsequently combinations of various radiometric correction methods were used in this
study to reduce the errors from various sources prior to statistical analysis.
Data generated from corrected satellite imagery and TSS concentrations
measured from field sampling were compared and tested using statistical
analysis. Only the best-fit algorithm developed in this study was selected
to predict the TSS concentrations from satellite imagery. Out of the six
algorithms derived, Algorithm 6 showed the best correlation with the
ground-truth data (R2 value of 0.9755 and RMSE value of 4.0107).
The developed algorithm was then applied to predict the TSS
concentrations on historical Landsat imagery acquired on 1st February
1993. The historical satellite image was normalized and converted to
reflectance for the biophysical study. Besides the derived algorithm,
models suggested by other researchers were tested in this study. However,
the Algorithm 6 showed the best results in predicting TSS concentration
for the Penang waters. The predicted TSS concentrations distribution
maps were generated and compared with the GIS platform. |
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