Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage

Natural gas (NG), which contains about 95% methane is currently gaining global acceptance as fuel for combustion engines because it is environmentally friendly and clean, naturally abundant, and cheaper than gasoline or diesel. Upon combustion when compared to gasoline or diesel it emits much les...

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Main Author:	Mohamed Danna, Abdulhamid Belal
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2004
Subjects:	Nanotubes - Carbon - Methane - Case studies
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/251/1/549496_FK_2004_34.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.2512013-05-27T06:46:58Z Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage 2004-10 Mohamed Danna, Abdulhamid Belal Natural gas (NG), which contains about 95% methane is currently gaining global acceptance as fuel for combustion engines because it is environmentally friendly and clean, naturally abundant, and cheaper than gasoline or diesel. Upon combustion when compared to gasoline or diesel it emits much less carbon dioxide (a major greenhouse gas) as well as several other air pollutants. However, the biggest challenge facing NG use as fuel for the transport industries is its storage. Therefore, carbon nano-structures have been synthesised using a typical floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition (FC-CVD) in a horizontal tubular reactor, which was fabricated in the Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia. Ferrocene was used as the catalyst (Fe) precursor, benzene as the carbon source, while a mixture of hydrogen and argon was used as the carrier gas for both ferrocene and benzene vapours. The temperatures for the synthesis were varied between 1000 to 12000C to produce four distinct nanostructures, which are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanofibers (CNFs), nanoparticles (CNPs) and nanoporous carbon bulky balls (CNPBs). Upon scanning with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), the diameters of the carbon nanostructures obtained ranged from 2 to 100 nm. Further characterisation with Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry system (ASAP 2000), using liquid N2 (77 K) for the Brunaur- Emmett-Teller (BET) surface characterisation, the surface areas, pore sizes and micropore volumes were found to be in range of 5.06 to 69.2 m2/g, 6.4 to 225.4Å, and 8.03 x 10-4 to 13.7 x 10-3 cm3/g, respectively for 0.602g samples. All samples had hysteresis indicating mesopore condensation of N2 with highest amount adsorbed on CNTs. CNFs and CNPs indicated the different type of isotherm with methane according to the BDDT (Brunauer, Dening, Dening and Teller) classification. A very great size difference was seen between N2 and CH4 hysteresis, which was due to the molecular structure, solid-like and liquid-like phases proposed for CH4 adsorption in and on the carbon nanostructure, respectively. A remarkable storage capacity of methane was achieved with these particles with storage capacity of 5.35 cm3/g for CNTs, 1.48 cm3/g for CNFs, and 0.3651 cm3/g for CNPBs at room temperature and atmospheric pressure Nanotubes - Carbon - Methane - Case studies 2004-10 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/251/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/251/1/549496_FK_2004_34.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Nanotubes - Carbon - Methane - Case studies Faculty of Engineering English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Nanotubes - Carbon - Methane - Case studies
spellingShingle	Nanotubes - Carbon - Methane - Case studies Mohamed Danna, Abdulhamid Belal Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage
description	Natural gas (NG), which contains about 95% methane is currently gaining global acceptance as fuel for combustion engines because it is environmentally friendly and clean, naturally abundant, and cheaper than gasoline or diesel. Upon combustion when compared to gasoline or diesel it emits much less carbon dioxide (a major greenhouse gas) as well as several other air pollutants. However, the biggest challenge facing NG use as fuel for the transport industries is its storage. Therefore, carbon nano-structures have been synthesised using a typical floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition (FC-CVD) in a horizontal tubular reactor, which was fabricated in the Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia. Ferrocene was used as the catalyst (Fe) precursor, benzene as the carbon source, while a mixture of hydrogen and argon was used as the carrier gas for both ferrocene and benzene vapours. The temperatures for the synthesis were varied between 1000 to 12000C to produce four distinct nanostructures, which are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanofibers (CNFs), nanoparticles (CNPs) and nanoporous carbon bulky balls (CNPBs). Upon scanning with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), the diameters of the carbon nanostructures obtained ranged from 2 to 100 nm. Further characterisation with Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry system (ASAP 2000), using liquid N2 (77 K) for the Brunaur- Emmett-Teller (BET) surface characterisation, the surface areas, pore sizes and micropore volumes were found to be in range of 5.06 to 69.2 m2/g, 6.4 to 225.4Å, and 8.03 x 10-4 to 13.7 x 10-3 cm3/g, respectively for 0.602g samples. All samples had hysteresis indicating mesopore condensation of N2 with highest amount adsorbed on CNTs. CNFs and CNPs indicated the different type of isotherm with methane according to the BDDT (Brunauer, Dening, Dening and Teller) classification. A very great size difference was seen between N2 and CH4 hysteresis, which was due to the molecular structure, solid-like and liquid-like phases proposed for CH4 adsorption in and on the carbon nanostructure, respectively. A remarkable storage capacity of methane was achieved with these particles with storage capacity of 5.35 cm3/g for CNTs, 1.48 cm3/g for CNFs, and 0.3651 cm3/g for CNPBs at room temperature and atmospheric pressure
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohamed Danna, Abdulhamid Belal
author_facet	Mohamed Danna, Abdulhamid Belal
author_sort	Mohamed Danna, Abdulhamid Belal
title	Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage
title_short	Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage
title_full	Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage
title_fullStr	Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage
title_sort	characterization and adsorption studies of carbon nanotubes / nanofibers for methane storage
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering
publishDate	2004
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/251/1/549496_FK_2004_34.pdf
_version_	1747810184480161792

Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanotubes / Nanofibers for Methane Storage

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