An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia

The objective of this research was to study the ecology of migrant shorebirds with respect to abundance, migration chronology, behaviour, habitat use, and prey availability. Further investigation was also conducted on the quality of habitats in terms of heavy metals and estimation of plastic pell...

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Main Author:	Marol Riak, Khalid
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2004
Subjects:	Migratory animals - Malaysia. Ecological assessment (Biology) - Malaysia.
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/298/1/549606_FSAS_2004_2.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.2982013-05-27T06:47:21Z An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia 2004-02 Marol Riak, Khalid The objective of this research was to study the ecology of migrant shorebirds with respect to abundance, migration chronology, behaviour, habitat use, and prey availability. Further investigation was also conducted on the quality of habitats in terms of heavy metals and estimation of plastic pellets distribution at the wetland of Kuala Selangor Nature Park (KSNP) and intertidal mudflats of Kapar and Pantai Remis on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the southward and northward migration period of year 2000- 2002. Total shorebird abundance, number of species and diversity index (Ĥ) were significantly higher in the intertidal mudflats (F = 3843, df=2, P<0.01, F = 193.13, df = 2 P<0.01 and F = 59.75, df = 2 P<0.01 respectively) as compared to the KSNP. Arranged in descending order of abundance; Common Redshanks, Mongolian Plovers, Black-tailed Godwits, Eurasian Curlews, Bar-tailed Godwits, Whimbrels, and Grey Plovers were the dominant shorebird. Endangered species like Asian Dowitchers, Little Stints, and Spoonbilled Sandpipers were also encountered. The results of migration chronologies for shorebirds were distinct and peak abundances generally occurred in the second week of October. Migration chronologies of small sized shorebirds were different (year 2000: χ2 = 116.39, P<0.001; year 2001: χ2=112.92 P<0.001). In year 2000, the migration chronology pattern of medium size probers were different (χ2=49.54 P<0.001), whereas, in year 2001, they were of similar pattern (χ2= 7.35 P>0.05). Results of habitat use revealed that most species utilized intertidal mudflats that are characterized by moist mud, wet mud, and shallow water edge (≤4 cm depth). However, Plovers showed a high preference for dry mud and wet mud. Behavioural data (feeding, locomotion, resting, body maintenance and alertness of three shorebird species (Eurasian Curlews, Common Redshanks and Mongolian Plovers) was different (Wilk’s λ= 0.102, P<0.001). Feeding was the most important activity indicating that, migratory shorebirds used the sites to replenish energy and nutrient reserves. Eight taxa of macrobenthic fauna were encountered, viz Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Sipunculida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Gastropoda was the most diverse taxa with 16 species. Other diverse groups were the Crustacea (15 species), Polychaeta (14 species) and Bivalvia (10 species). The abundance of macrobenthic fauna was highest in Pantai Remis, followed by Kapar and finally the KSNP. Results of heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) concentrations in the sediment were significantly different (F= 2.96; df, 2; P <0.05) between the study sites. Concentrations were higher at the KSNP with lower concentration in the mudflats of Pantai Remis. The results of the heavy metal concentration of the macrobenthic fauna ranged from 1.38- 29.13 μg g-1 for Cu, 6-99.76 μg g-1 for Zn and 0.56-1.97 for Pb. A fluctuation in Cd concentration in macrobenthic was at a relatively narrow range of 0.57-1.96 as compared to other metals. The results of plastic pellets indicated that the total frequency of occurrence was highly variable between the sites, being highly significant in Kapar (P<0.05). Migratory animals - Malaysia. Ecological assessment (Biology) - Malaysia. 2004-02 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/298/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/298/1/549606_FSAS_2004_2.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Migratory animals - Malaysia. Ecological assessment (Biology) - Malaysia. Faculty of Environmental Studies English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Migratory animals - Malaysia. Ecological assessment (Biology) - Malaysia.
spellingShingle	Migratory animals - Malaysia. Ecological assessment (Biology) - Malaysia. Marol Riak, Khalid An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia
description	The objective of this research was to study the ecology of migrant shorebirds with respect to abundance, migration chronology, behaviour, habitat use, and prey availability. Further investigation was also conducted on the quality of habitats in terms of heavy metals and estimation of plastic pellets distribution at the wetland of Kuala Selangor Nature Park (KSNP) and intertidal mudflats of Kapar and Pantai Remis on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the southward and northward migration period of year 2000- 2002. Total shorebird abundance, number of species and diversity index (Ĥ) were significantly higher in the intertidal mudflats (F = 3843, df=2, P<0.01, F = 193.13, df = 2 P<0.01 and F = 59.75, df = 2 P<0.01 respectively) as compared to the KSNP. Arranged in descending order of abundance; Common Redshanks, Mongolian Plovers, Black-tailed Godwits, Eurasian Curlews, Bar-tailed Godwits, Whimbrels, and Grey Plovers were the dominant shorebird. Endangered species like Asian Dowitchers, Little Stints, and Spoonbilled Sandpipers were also encountered. The results of migration chronologies for shorebirds were distinct and peak abundances generally occurred in the second week of October. Migration chronologies of small sized shorebirds were different (year 2000: χ2 = 116.39, P<0.001; year 2001: χ2=112.92 P<0.001). In year 2000, the migration chronology pattern of medium size probers were different (χ2=49.54 P<0.001), whereas, in year 2001, they were of similar pattern (χ2= 7.35 P>0.05). Results of habitat use revealed that most species utilized intertidal mudflats that are characterized by moist mud, wet mud, and shallow water edge (≤4 cm depth). However, Plovers showed a high preference for dry mud and wet mud. Behavioural data (feeding, locomotion, resting, body maintenance and alertness of three shorebird species (Eurasian Curlews, Common Redshanks and Mongolian Plovers) was different (Wilk’s λ= 0.102, P<0.001). Feeding was the most important activity indicating that, migratory shorebirds used the sites to replenish energy and nutrient reserves. Eight taxa of macrobenthic fauna were encountered, viz Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Sipunculida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Gastropoda was the most diverse taxa with 16 species. Other diverse groups were the Crustacea (15 species), Polychaeta (14 species) and Bivalvia (10 species). The abundance of macrobenthic fauna was highest in Pantai Remis, followed by Kapar and finally the KSNP. Results of heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) concentrations in the sediment were significantly different (F= 2.96; df, 2; P <0.05) between the study sites. Concentrations were higher at the KSNP with lower concentration in the mudflats of Pantai Remis. The results of the heavy metal concentration of the macrobenthic fauna ranged from 1.38- 29.13 μg g-1 for Cu, 6-99.76 μg g-1 for Zn and 0.56-1.97 for Pb. A fluctuation in Cd concentration in macrobenthic was at a relatively narrow range of 0.57-1.96 as compared to other metals. The results of plastic pellets indicated that the total frequency of occurrence was highly variable between the sites, being highly significant in Kapar (P<0.05).
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Marol Riak, Khalid
author_facet	Marol Riak, Khalid
author_sort	Marol Riak, Khalid
title	An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia
title_short	An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia
title_full	An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia
title_fullStr	An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia
title_sort	ecological assessment of wetland habitats utilized by migratory shorebirds at kapar, pantai remis and kuala selangor nature park, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Environmental Studies
publishDate	2004
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/298/1/549606_FSAS_2004_2.pdf
_version_	1747810193768448000

An Ecological Assessment of Wetland Habitats Utilized by Migratory Shorebirds at Kapar, Pantai Remis and Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia

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