Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran

The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness), environmental factors (family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress on cigar...

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Main Author:	Golestan, Samira
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	Self-efficacy - Smoking - Iran Teenagers - Smoking - Environmental aspects Tobacco habit - Psychological aspects
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/39707/7/FEM%202014%2011%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.39707
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Self-efficacy - Smoking - Iran Teenagers - Smoking - Environmental aspects Tobacco habit - Psychological aspects
spellingShingle	Self-efficacy - Smoking - Iran Teenagers - Smoking - Environmental aspects Tobacco habit - Psychological aspects Golestan, Samira Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran
description	The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness), environmental factors (family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress on cigarette smoking behavior. In addition, this study intended to determine the moderating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship between personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness), environmental factors (family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress and cigarette smoking behavior and also to identify which variable significantly predict cigarette smoking behavior among adolescent in Kerman-Iran. A quantitative research method was employed. The samples included three hundred current smoker adolescents between the ages of 15 to 18. The data collected by means of self-administered questionnaires and then analyzed by AMOS software (to run SEM) for windows program version 20. The result showed that there were significant relationships between personality traits (neuroticism and conscientiousness) and cigarette smoking behavior whereas there were no significant relationships between personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness and openness) and cigarette smoking behavior. Also, positive significant relationship between environmental factors (family smoking and peer pressure) and negative significant relationships between environmental factors (family cohesion and family adaptability) and cigarette smoking behavior were observed. Moreover, there were significant positive relationships between cognitive factor; i.e. stress and cigarette smoking behavior. The result showed that the independent variables; i.e. personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness), environmental factors (family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress, explain 77% of variation for dependent variable of cigarette smoking behavior and based on standardized regression weight the independent variable of peer pressure, with highest standardized regression weight (β = .222) among other independent variables, had a highest contribution to explain the variation of cigarette smoking behavior among the respondent. The results related to the moderating effect of self-efficacy revealed that self-efficacy significantly moderated the effect of neuroticism as a personality trait on cigarette smoking behavior but did not moderate the relationship between other personality traits i.e. extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness with cigarette smoking behavior. Also, the results showed that self-efficacy significantly moderated the relationship between cigarette smoking behavior and all environmental factors (including family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and family adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress. These findings were supported by relevant theories and were also consistent with the previous studies. The findings of this study can contribute to the literature and has noteworthy implications for practitioner and policy makers to prevent cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Iran. Therefore, it is recommended that, future prevention interventions programs focus on reducing cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents by enhancing family awareness, stress management, refusal skills to resist environmental pressure to smoke, enforcing family policies on smoking, enhancing self-efficacy and life skills, and also educating adolescents on how to behave in a smoking group and how to refuse the environmental temptations. So, families, schools and policy makers influence the cigarette smoking behavior and can reduce the level of cigarette smoking among adolescents by devising and implementing a comprehensive program.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Golestan, Samira
author_facet	Golestan, Samira
author_sort	Golestan, Samira
title	Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran
title_short	Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran
title_full	Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran
title_fullStr	Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran
title_full_unstemmed	Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran
title_sort	self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in kerman, iran
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2014
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/39707/7/FEM%202014%2011%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747811807523766272
spelling	my-upm-ir.397072015-08-17T01:25:48Z Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran 2014-07 Golestan, Samira The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness), environmental factors (family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress on cigarette smoking behavior. In addition, this study intended to determine the moderating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship between personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness), environmental factors (family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress and cigarette smoking behavior and also to identify which variable significantly predict cigarette smoking behavior among adolescent in Kerman-Iran. A quantitative research method was employed. The samples included three hundred current smoker adolescents between the ages of 15 to 18. The data collected by means of self-administered questionnaires and then analyzed by AMOS software (to run SEM) for windows program version 20. The result showed that there were significant relationships between personality traits (neuroticism and conscientiousness) and cigarette smoking behavior whereas there were no significant relationships between personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness and openness) and cigarette smoking behavior. Also, positive significant relationship between environmental factors (family smoking and peer pressure) and negative significant relationships between environmental factors (family cohesion and family adaptability) and cigarette smoking behavior were observed. Moreover, there were significant positive relationships between cognitive factor; i.e. stress and cigarette smoking behavior. The result showed that the independent variables; i.e. personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness), environmental factors (family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress, explain 77% of variation for dependent variable of cigarette smoking behavior and based on standardized regression weight the independent variable of peer pressure, with highest standardized regression weight (β = .222) among other independent variables, had a highest contribution to explain the variation of cigarette smoking behavior among the respondent. The results related to the moderating effect of self-efficacy revealed that self-efficacy significantly moderated the effect of neuroticism as a personality trait on cigarette smoking behavior but did not moderate the relationship between other personality traits i.e. extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness with cigarette smoking behavior. Also, the results showed that self-efficacy significantly moderated the relationship between cigarette smoking behavior and all environmental factors (including family smoking, peer pressure, family cohesion and family adaptability) and the cognitive factor of stress. These findings were supported by relevant theories and were also consistent with the previous studies. The findings of this study can contribute to the literature and has noteworthy implications for practitioner and policy makers to prevent cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Iran. Therefore, it is recommended that, future prevention interventions programs focus on reducing cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents by enhancing family awareness, stress management, refusal skills to resist environmental pressure to smoke, enforcing family policies on smoking, enhancing self-efficacy and life skills, and also educating adolescents on how to behave in a smoking group and how to refuse the environmental temptations. So, families, schools and policy makers influence the cigarette smoking behavior and can reduce the level of cigarette smoking among adolescents by devising and implementing a comprehensive program. Self-efficacy - Smoking - Iran Teenagers - Smoking - Environmental aspects Tobacco habit - Psychological aspects 2014-07 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/39707/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/39707/7/FEM%202014%2011%20IR.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Self-efficacy - Smoking - Iran Teenagers - Smoking - Environmental aspects Tobacco habit - Psychological aspects

Self-efficacy as moderator in relationship between individual, environmental, and cognitive factors and cigarette smoking behavior among adolescents in Kerman, Iran

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