Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell

Quaternized biomass serves as substitution to activated carbon as adsorbent to solve the issue on activated carbon such as cost, environment impact and sustainability. However, there is lack of research on reactive dyes adsorption by quaternized lignocellulosic fibers and none of research on quate...

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Main Author:	Koay, Yin Shin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2013
Subjects:	Soil absorption and adsorption Soil chemistry
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47862/1/FK%202013%2022R.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.478622016-07-28T03:59:50Z Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell 2013-05 Koay, Yin Shin Quaternized biomass serves as substitution to activated carbon as adsorbent to solve the issue on activated carbon such as cost, environment impact and sustainability. However, there is lack of research on reactive dyes adsorption by quaternized lignocellulosic fibers and none of research on quaternized PKS as adsorbent been reported up to date. Therefore, an attempt was made to chemically quaternized palm kernel shell (QPKS) as adsorbent to increase adsorption affinity towards two reactive dyes namely Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Red E (RRE). Palm kernel shell (PKS) was quaternized successfully by treating with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride under basic condition. The QPKS was characterized by CHN elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX),Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis, Thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD). Result from CHN and EDX elemental analysis demonstrated an increase of nitrogen percentage after treatment further support the success of the reaction. Surface characterization of QPKS by SEM and BET analysis confirmed the surface pore enlargement from mesopores to macropores after quaternization. Furthermore, chemical properties such as point zero charge,surface chemistry and chemical composition were determined. Point of zero charge of QPKS measured at 25 ˚C was at pH 2.2. Adsorption experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH, dosage of QPKS, initial concentration, contact time and temperature in single batch system with constant shaking rate of 160 rpm for both dyes. The optimum pH for removal of RB5 and RRE by QPKS was at pH4. 1.0 g/L of QPKS was chosen as the appropriate dosage for both dyes adsorption. Four analytical isotherm equations, Langmuir,Freundlich, Sips and Redlich-Peterson models were fitted to the equilibrium adsorption data. The Redlich-Peterson model is best fitted to the data. The maximum adsorption capacity of QPKS was found to be 191.2 mg/g for RB5 and 182.8 mg/g for RRE. The rate of adsorption in single system was found to agree with pseudosecond- order kinetics model. The adsorption of both dyes onto QPKS is spontaneous process and exothermic in nature. Hence increase in adsorption temperature does not favor the process. For binary system, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to stimulate the adsorption of RB5 and RRE by QPKS under varying parameters such as pH, dosage and dye concentration. Regeneration of QPKS was carried out by shaking the used QPKS in 0.1M NaOH solution. Regeneration of QPKS for adsorption of RB5 was valid but not for RRE. In conclusion, the QPKS synthesized was proven able in removing RB5 and RRE dye in aqueous solution. Soil absorption and adsorption Soil chemistry 2013-05 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47862/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47862/1/FK%202013%2022R.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Soil absorption and adsorption Soil chemistry
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Soil absorption and adsorption Soil chemistry
spellingShingle	Soil absorption and adsorption Soil chemistry Koay, Yin Shin Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell
description	Quaternized biomass serves as substitution to activated carbon as adsorbent to solve the issue on activated carbon such as cost, environment impact and sustainability. However, there is lack of research on reactive dyes adsorption by quaternized lignocellulosic fibers and none of research on quaternized PKS as adsorbent been reported up to date. Therefore, an attempt was made to chemically quaternized palm kernel shell (QPKS) as adsorbent to increase adsorption affinity towards two reactive dyes namely Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Red E (RRE). Palm kernel shell (PKS) was quaternized successfully by treating with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride under basic condition. The QPKS was characterized by CHN elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX),Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis, Thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD). Result from CHN and EDX elemental analysis demonstrated an increase of nitrogen percentage after treatment further support the success of the reaction. Surface characterization of QPKS by SEM and BET analysis confirmed the surface pore enlargement from mesopores to macropores after quaternization. Furthermore, chemical properties such as point zero charge,surface chemistry and chemical composition were determined. Point of zero charge of QPKS measured at 25 ˚C was at pH 2.2. Adsorption experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH, dosage of QPKS, initial concentration, contact time and temperature in single batch system with constant shaking rate of 160 rpm for both dyes. The optimum pH for removal of RB5 and RRE by QPKS was at pH4. 1.0 g/L of QPKS was chosen as the appropriate dosage for both dyes adsorption. Four analytical isotherm equations, Langmuir,Freundlich, Sips and Redlich-Peterson models were fitted to the equilibrium adsorption data. The Redlich-Peterson model is best fitted to the data. The maximum adsorption capacity of QPKS was found to be 191.2 mg/g for RB5 and 182.8 mg/g for RRE. The rate of adsorption in single system was found to agree with pseudosecond- order kinetics model. The adsorption of both dyes onto QPKS is spontaneous process and exothermic in nature. Hence increase in adsorption temperature does not favor the process. For binary system, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to stimulate the adsorption of RB5 and RRE by QPKS under varying parameters such as pH, dosage and dye concentration. Regeneration of QPKS was carried out by shaking the used QPKS in 0.1M NaOH solution. Regeneration of QPKS for adsorption of RB5 was valid but not for RRE. In conclusion, the QPKS synthesized was proven able in removing RB5 and RRE dye in aqueous solution.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Koay, Yin Shin
author_facet	Koay, Yin Shin
author_sort	Koay, Yin Shin
title	Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell
title_short	Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell
title_full	Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell
title_fullStr	Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell
title_full_unstemmed	Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell
title_sort	adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2013
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47862/1/FK%202013%2022R.pdf
_version_	1747811950907097088

Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by quaternized palm kernel shell

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