Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites

Natural rubber/bentonite nanocomposites were prepared from deproteinised natural rubber (dp-NR) and modified bentonite clay by both solvent casting and blending methods. To prepare the nanocomposites by the solvent method, the rubber was first dissolved in toluene and then mixed by stirring with the...

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Main Author:	Al-Khawaldeh, Mohammad Hussein
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2004
Subjects:	Bentonite - Composite materials - Case studies
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/4944/1/FS_2004_13a.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.4944
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.49442013-05-27T07:19:18Z Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites 2004 Al-Khawaldeh, Mohammad Hussein Natural rubber/bentonite nanocomposites were prepared from deproteinised natural rubber (dp-NR) and modified bentonite clay by both solvent casting and blending methods. To prepare the nanocomposites by the solvent method, the rubber was first dissolved in toluene and then mixed by stirring with the modified clay at room temperature. In the blending method, the rubber was first softened for 1 minute in an internal Haake mixer and then blended with the modified clay at 60ºC. Modification of the clay by replacing the clay’s sodium ions with alkylammonium (cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA), dodycelammonium (DDA) and octadecylammonium (ODA)) groups was carried out through an ion-exchanger process. Elemental analysis indicated that 0.59 mmol of CTA, 0.75 mmol of DDA and 0.98 mmol of ODA were sorbed by 1 g of the clay. FTIR spectra of the modified clays showed a peak at about 3000 cm-1, which indicated the presence of the amine group stretching. The increase in the degradation temperature of DDA, CTA and ODA in the organobentonite implied that there was a strong intermolecular interaction between the alkylammonium ions and the bentonite. The nanocomposites produced were characterized by XRD and TEM. It was found the nanometer-scale silicate layers of organoclay were completely exfoliated in dp-NR if the organoclay concentration in the composites was less than 1%. However, increase the clay contents to 3% or higher, produced intercalated nanocomposites. The mechanical properties obtained were found to be affected strongly by the organoclay content and the type of alkylammonium groups. Tensile properties of the nanocomposites prepared using the ODA treated bentonite is better than that of the nanocomposites pretreated with the other alkylammonium groups. In addition, mechanical properties of the nanocomposites also effected by the method of their preparation. The solvent casting technique improved several mechanical properties of the nanocomposites compared with those of the nanocomposites produced by the blending method. Bentonite - Composite materials - Case studies 2004 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/4944/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/4944/1/FS_2004_13a.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Bentonite - Composite materials - Case studies Science English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Bentonite - Composite materials - Case studies
spellingShingle	Bentonite - Composite materials - Case studies Al-Khawaldeh, Mohammad Hussein Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites
description	Natural rubber/bentonite nanocomposites were prepared from deproteinised natural rubber (dp-NR) and modified bentonite clay by both solvent casting and blending methods. To prepare the nanocomposites by the solvent method, the rubber was first dissolved in toluene and then mixed by stirring with the modified clay at room temperature. In the blending method, the rubber was first softened for 1 minute in an internal Haake mixer and then blended with the modified clay at 60ºC. Modification of the clay by replacing the clay’s sodium ions with alkylammonium (cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA), dodycelammonium (DDA) and octadecylammonium (ODA)) groups was carried out through an ion-exchanger process. Elemental analysis indicated that 0.59 mmol of CTA, 0.75 mmol of DDA and 0.98 mmol of ODA were sorbed by 1 g of the clay. FTIR spectra of the modified clays showed a peak at about 3000 cm-1, which indicated the presence of the amine group stretching. The increase in the degradation temperature of DDA, CTA and ODA in the organobentonite implied that there was a strong intermolecular interaction between the alkylammonium ions and the bentonite. The nanocomposites produced were characterized by XRD and TEM. It was found the nanometer-scale silicate layers of organoclay were completely exfoliated in dp-NR if the organoclay concentration in the composites was less than 1%. However, increase the clay contents to 3% or higher, produced intercalated nanocomposites. The mechanical properties obtained were found to be affected strongly by the organoclay content and the type of alkylammonium groups. Tensile properties of the nanocomposites prepared using the ODA treated bentonite is better than that of the nanocomposites pretreated with the other alkylammonium groups. In addition, mechanical properties of the nanocomposites also effected by the method of their preparation. The solvent casting technique improved several mechanical properties of the nanocomposites compared with those of the nanocomposites produced by the blending method.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Al-Khawaldeh, Mohammad Hussein
author_facet	Al-Khawaldeh, Mohammad Hussein
author_sort	Al-Khawaldeh, Mohammad Hussein
title	Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites
title_short	Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites
title_full	Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites
title_fullStr	Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites
title_sort	preparation and characterization of natural rubber/bentonite nanocomposites
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Science
publishDate	2004
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/4944/1/FS_2004_13a.pdf
_version_	1747810315800674304

Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Bentonite Nanocomposites

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