Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS)

Current chemotherapy drug showed adverse side effects towards the patients such as vomiting, nausea, constipation, fatigue, muscle pain and other pains. With the high risk of these side effects, majority of cancer patients prefer on finding better cure and lesser side effects. This circumstance some...

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Main Author:	Abdul Hamid, Hisyam
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2009
Subjects:	Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - therapy
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/49954/1/FPSK%28m%29%202009%2019RR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.49954
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spelling	my-upm-ir.499542017-05-05T02:09:34Z Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS) 2009-09 Abdul Hamid, Hisyam Current chemotherapy drug showed adverse side effects towards the patients such as vomiting, nausea, constipation, fatigue, muscle pain and other pains. With the high risk of these side effects, majority of cancer patients prefer on finding better cure and lesser side effects. This circumstance somehow urged the scientists to search for alternative medicine, which is natural products that is believed can cure cancer patients with lesser side effects. Such natural product, damnacanthal which is an anthraquinone has been reported to posses inhibitory effects on the cancer promoting ras gene and p561 gene. In a previous study, Damnacanthal from the root of Morinda elliptica was found to induce apoptosis towards the human acute T-lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line (CEM_SS). This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms involved in apoptosis induced by damnacanthal. The cells were treated with 1, 3, 10 and 30 µg/ml damnacanthal and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Untreated cell were included as control. Following treatment, the samples were subjected to several assays such as cytotoxic study, morphological study, cell cycle analysis and determination of p53, multi caspases (caspase 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9) and Bc12 and Bax proteins activities. The percentage of viable cell at the highest concertration of the compound (30 µg/ml) decreased significantly (p<0.05) after 72 hours to 40.4%. Cells treated with damnacanthal (10 and 30 µg/ml) showed characteristics of apoptosis such as condensation of cytoplasm, membrane blebbing and apoptotic bodies. At the highest concentration of damncanthal (30 µg/ml), the cell cycle was found to be arrested at the G2/M phase after 72 hours incubation. Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal was found to be related to the caspase 2 and caspase 6 activation possibly through p53-independent pathway. In the treatment at higher concentrations of damnacanthal (10 and 30µg/ml), the expression of Bcl-2 protein was down regulated whereas Bax protein was upregulated yet insignificant. Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation of activities between these two proteins. In conclusion, this study indicated that damnacanthal induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase most probably through p52-independent pathway and later involved in the activation of caspase 2 and caspase 6, and the downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of Bax proteins which are believed drive the cell to undergo apoptosis. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - therapy 2009-09 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/49954/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/49954/1/FPSK%28m%29%202009%2019RR.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - therapy
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - therapy
spellingShingle	Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - therapy Abdul Hamid, Hisyam Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS)
description	Current chemotherapy drug showed adverse side effects towards the patients such as vomiting, nausea, constipation, fatigue, muscle pain and other pains. With the high risk of these side effects, majority of cancer patients prefer on finding better cure and lesser side effects. This circumstance somehow urged the scientists to search for alternative medicine, which is natural products that is believed can cure cancer patients with lesser side effects. Such natural product, damnacanthal which is an anthraquinone has been reported to posses inhibitory effects on the cancer promoting ras gene and p561 gene. In a previous study, Damnacanthal from the root of Morinda elliptica was found to induce apoptosis towards the human acute T-lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line (CEM_SS). This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms involved in apoptosis induced by damnacanthal. The cells were treated with 1, 3, 10 and 30 µg/ml damnacanthal and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Untreated cell were included as control. Following treatment, the samples were subjected to several assays such as cytotoxic study, morphological study, cell cycle analysis and determination of p53, multi caspases (caspase 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9) and Bc12 and Bax proteins activities. The percentage of viable cell at the highest concertration of the compound (30 µg/ml) decreased significantly (p<0.05) after 72 hours to 40.4%. Cells treated with damnacanthal (10 and 30 µg/ml) showed characteristics of apoptosis such as condensation of cytoplasm, membrane blebbing and apoptotic bodies. At the highest concentration of damncanthal (30 µg/ml), the cell cycle was found to be arrested at the G2/M phase after 72 hours incubation. Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal was found to be related to the caspase 2 and caspase 6 activation possibly through p53-independent pathway. In the treatment at higher concentrations of damnacanthal (10 and 30µg/ml), the expression of Bcl-2 protein was down regulated whereas Bax protein was upregulated yet insignificant. Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation of activities between these two proteins. In conclusion, this study indicated that damnacanthal induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase most probably through p52-independent pathway and later involved in the activation of caspase 2 and caspase 6, and the downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of Bax proteins which are believed drive the cell to undergo apoptosis.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Abdul Hamid, Hisyam
author_facet	Abdul Hamid, Hisyam
author_sort	Abdul Hamid, Hisyam
title	Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS)
title_short	Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS)
title_full	Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS)
title_fullStr	Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS)
title_full_unstemmed	Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS)
title_sort	apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in t-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (cem-ss)
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2009
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/49954/1/FPSK%28m%29%202009%2019RR.pdf
_version_	1747812025618137088

Apoptosis induced by damnacanthal from morinda elliptica in T-lymphoblastic leukimia cell line (CEM-SS)

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