Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia

The presence of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols is almost inevitable in most enclosed environment and they are not all pathogenic as some may exist as a normal flora while some are airborne pathogens. This study was designed to characterize the type and bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentration...

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Main Author:	Mat Hussin, Nor Husna
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2011
Subjects:	Air Microbiology Fungi - pathogenicity Air pollutants - Analysis
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50643/1/FPSK%28m%29%202011%2063RR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.50643
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spelling	my-upm-ir.506432018-10-23T16:20:09Z Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia 2011-12 Mat Hussin, Nor Husna The presence of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols is almost inevitable in most enclosed environment and they are not all pathogenic as some may exist as a normal flora while some are airborne pathogens. This study was designed to characterize the type and bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentrations in primary schools and its association with respiratory symptoms among school children. Environmental monitoring and bioaerosol sampling were conducted in five randomly selected schools. The sampling device used for monitoring bacteria and fungal bioaerosol was the Duo SAS Super 360 microbiological air sampler and Q-Trak IAQ Monitor was used for monitoring the temperature and relative humidity. Identification of bacteria and fungi was done using both conventional and molecular methods. Modified ISAAC questionnaire was distributed and completed by 201 school children together with their parents for respiratory health assessment. Normal flora bacteria was the most frequently isolated bacteria including Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. Terribacillus spp. found in this study has never been reported from any other studies. The most frequently isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Zygomycetes. The average bacterial concentration in indoor and outdoor air were 1025(±612) CFU/m3 and 1473(±1261) CFU/m3,respectively while the average fungal bioaerosol concentration in indoor and outdoor air were 292(±83) CFU/m3 and 401(±235) CFU/m3, respectively. The percentages of bacterial and fungal samples that were within the ACGIH recommended levels were 44% and 33.8% respectively. Ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration was below 1.0 suggesting minimal inside generative source for fungal bioaerosols. The ratio of indoor to outdoor bacteria concentration was approaching 1.0 suggesting the presence of potential internal generative source of microorganisms and inadequate ventilation. Building occupants might be one of the potential sources of microorganisms in indoor air as bacteria concentration without occupants was significantly lower than with occupants (p<0.05). School children commonly reported chronic cough with phlegm (29.9%), itchy watery eyes and nose (28.4%) and wheezing or whistling in chest (20.9%). Allergy to dust recorded the highest prevalence (35.8%) compared to the other allergies. The most frequently isolated bacteria Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. showed no association with respiratory symptoms except with sore throat. Aspergillus spp. showed association with common reported respiratory symptoms among school children compared to Penicillium and Rhizopus spp. exposure. Asthma and allergy showed association with parental history of asthma and allergy but no association with bioaerosol exposure. Exposure to high fungi concentration that is more than 500CFU/m3 in indoor air of school environment was the prominent risk factors associated with respiratory symptoms reported by school children as compared to bacteria concentration and types of bioaerosols is dated. Air Microbiology Fungi - pathogenicity Air pollutants - Analysis 2011-12 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50643/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50643/1/FPSK%28m%29%202011%2063RR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Air Microbiology Fungi - pathogenicity Air pollutants - Analysis
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Air Microbiology Fungi - pathogenicity Air pollutants - Analysis
spellingShingle	Air Microbiology Fungi - pathogenicity Air pollutants - Analysis Mat Hussin, Nor Husna Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia
description	The presence of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols is almost inevitable in most enclosed environment and they are not all pathogenic as some may exist as a normal flora while some are airborne pathogens. This study was designed to characterize the type and bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentrations in primary schools and its association with respiratory symptoms among school children. Environmental monitoring and bioaerosol sampling were conducted in five randomly selected schools. The sampling device used for monitoring bacteria and fungal bioaerosol was the Duo SAS Super 360 microbiological air sampler and Q-Trak IAQ Monitor was used for monitoring the temperature and relative humidity. Identification of bacteria and fungi was done using both conventional and molecular methods. Modified ISAAC questionnaire was distributed and completed by 201 school children together with their parents for respiratory health assessment. Normal flora bacteria was the most frequently isolated bacteria including Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. Terribacillus spp. found in this study has never been reported from any other studies. The most frequently isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Zygomycetes. The average bacterial concentration in indoor and outdoor air were 1025(±612) CFU/m3 and 1473(±1261) CFU/m3,respectively while the average fungal bioaerosol concentration in indoor and outdoor air were 292(±83) CFU/m3 and 401(±235) CFU/m3, respectively. The percentages of bacterial and fungal samples that were within the ACGIH recommended levels were 44% and 33.8% respectively. Ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration was below 1.0 suggesting minimal inside generative source for fungal bioaerosols. The ratio of indoor to outdoor bacteria concentration was approaching 1.0 suggesting the presence of potential internal generative source of microorganisms and inadequate ventilation. Building occupants might be one of the potential sources of microorganisms in indoor air as bacteria concentration without occupants was significantly lower than with occupants (p<0.05). School children commonly reported chronic cough with phlegm (29.9%), itchy watery eyes and nose (28.4%) and wheezing or whistling in chest (20.9%). Allergy to dust recorded the highest prevalence (35.8%) compared to the other allergies. The most frequently isolated bacteria Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. showed no association with respiratory symptoms except with sore throat. Aspergillus spp. showed association with common reported respiratory symptoms among school children compared to Penicillium and Rhizopus spp. exposure. Asthma and allergy showed association with parental history of asthma and allergy but no association with bioaerosol exposure. Exposure to high fungi concentration that is more than 500CFU/m3 in indoor air of school environment was the prominent risk factors associated with respiratory symptoms reported by school children as compared to bacteria concentration and types of bioaerosols is dated.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mat Hussin, Nor Husna
author_facet	Mat Hussin, Nor Husna
author_sort	Mat Hussin, Nor Husna
title	Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia
title_short	Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia
title_full	Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia
title_sort	association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in hulu langat, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2011
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50643/1/FPSK%28m%29%202011%2063RR.pdf
_version_	1747812046714437632

Association of indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal bioaerosols with respiratory symtoms among children aged 10-11 years in selected schools in Hulu Langat, Malaysia

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