Crystallization Of Palm Oil-Based 9,10-Dihydroxystearic Acid Employing Isopropyl Alcohol As Solvent
9,10-dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) was derived from commercial grade palm oil based crude oleic acid. It was derived through the epoxidation of the unsaturation present in the oleic acid with performic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, followed with in-situ hydrolysis o...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2007
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5199/1/FK_2007_23.pdf |
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| Summary: | 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) was derived from commercial grade palm oil based
crude oleic acid. It was derived through the epoxidation of the unsaturation present in
the oleic acid with performic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid and hydrogen
peroxide, followed with in-situ hydrolysis of the epoxide with hydrogen donor such as
water. DHSA promises great potential in the personal care industry. It has the
prospective to act as a multipurpose intermediate in the synthesis of fine chemical
products such as decorative cosmetics. However, the impurities present in DHSA could
lead to skin irritation and thus the crude DHSA produced need to endure purification
process in order to be qualified as an additive for the cosmetic industry. Solvent
crystallization was chosen as the path in preparing DHSA crystals of at least 80% purity
and of high desirability.
The objective of this research was to study the effects of temperature and of solvent
quality and quantity on the solvent crystallization of DHSA. On detailing the effects of
temperature, four aspects were scrutinized: weight based crystal yield, particle size distribution (PSD), quality of purified DHSA crystals and crystallization operation
efficiency. PSD, crystal morphology and quality of purified DHSA crystals were
scrutinized when detailing the effects of solvent quality and quantity.
In the course of carrying out the research work, a crystallization unit was fabricated.
The detailed design and operation of the crystallization unit were described. This
research, through gas chromatography (GC), PSD, Fourier Transform – Infra Red (FTIR)
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, revealed that solvent
crystallization of DHSA was best carried out with the cooling temperature of 20°C, 80%
isopropyl alcohol (IPA) concentration and solvent
crude dihydroxystearic acid ratio of 1.0:1.0. |
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