Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats

Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats

The leaves of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta are among good source of protein and its use in animal feed would further increase the nutritive value of poor quality feed. Generally, the presence of the anti-nutritive factors contained in both of the forages limit their usefulness as animal feed, bu...

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Main Author: Harun, Nur Liyana Akmal
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2015
Subjects:
Rumen fermentation
Microbial populations
Goats
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/58641/1/FP%202015%2050IR.pdf
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id my-upm-ir.58641
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection PSAS Institutional Repository
language English
topic Rumen fermentation
Microbial populations
Goats
spellingShingle Rumen fermentation
Microbial populations
Goats
Harun, Nur Liyana Akmal
Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats
description The leaves of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta are among good source of protein and its use in animal feed would further increase the nutritive value of poor quality feed. Generally, the presence of the anti-nutritive factors contained in both of the forages limit their usefulness as animal feed, but not in ruminant. Ruminant have a dynamic and complex rumen ecology that may have the ability to degrade the anti-nutritive factors contained in the L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves. Most of the previous studies are focused on the effect of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves on performances and health of the animal. Therefore, current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution rice straw with different level of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen microbial population in goats. Seven treatment groups; T1: concentrates (C)/rice straw (RS) (40:60) (Control); T2: C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:45:15); T3:C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:30:30); T4: C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:15:45); T5:C/RS/cassava leaves (40:45:15); T6:C/RS/cassava leaves (40:30:30) and T7: C/RS/cassava leaves (40:15:45) were used in this experiment. An in-vitro study was carried out to evaluate the effect of substitution of rice straw with different level of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves diet on rumen gas production and fermentation characteristics. In the in-vitro study, the production of propionate and IVDMD were significantly affected with the treatment diets (P<0.05). Propionate production was significantly increased meanwhile the percentages of IVDMD was decreased significantly with T2 showed the highest value in the propionate production and the lowest value of IVDMD. Similar observation were found among treatment diets in rumen pH, rumen ammonia, acetate,butyrate, total VFA production and total gas production of the in-vitro study. In the invivo study, 21 local Boer goats were randomly divided into seven diets and were placed in metabolic cages individually for a period of 7 days as an adjustment period followed by an administration diet period for 10 days. Urine samples were taken daily for 5 days period for urinary purine derivatives analysis and rumen samples were taken at day 10 for rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen microbial population quantification analysis. Result shown that propionate (P<0.05), butyrate (P<0.01), A to P ratio (P<0.05), total VFA production (P<0.01) were affected significantly among the treatment diets. The highest value of acetate, A to P ratio and total VFA were found in T2 with the lowest value of propionate. Supplementation of L. leucocephala and M.esculenta leaves diets demonstrated significant increase (P<0.01) in the production of rumen ammonia. There were no differences shown in the rumen pH and production of acetate. Urinary allantoin (P<0.05), xanthine (P<0.05), total PD (P<0.05), microbial purine absorbed (P<0.01) and microbial N supply (P<0.01) were affected significantly with T2 and T6 showed the highest value among the treatment diets whereas production of uric acid, hypoxanthine showed similar observation. In the microbial population study, the supplementation of L. leucocephala or M. esculenta leaves in the diet had increased the population of total protozoa and R. flavefacien significantly (P<0.05) with T4 and T7 showed the highest value, respectively. Meanwhile, the populations of R. albus, and F. succinogenes were significantly reduced (P<0.05) with T3 and T7 showed the lowest value, respectively. In conclusion, T2 (25% of L.leucocephala leaves) and T6 (50% of M. esculenta leaves) supplementation diet are suitable diet for goat consumption due to improvement in the VFA production, urinary purine derivative productions, microbial purine absorbed and microbial N supply with moderate amount rumen microbial population.
format Thesis
qualification_level Master's degree
author Harun, Nur Liyana Akmal
author_facet Harun, Nur Liyana Akmal
author_sort Harun, Nur Liyana Akmal
title Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats
title_short Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats
title_full Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats
title_fullStr Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats
title_full_unstemmed Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats
title_sort effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of leucaena leucocephala (lam.) de wit and manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats
granting_institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate 2015
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/58641/1/FP%202015%2050IR.pdf
_version_ 1747812218961920000
spelling my-upm-ir.586412018-01-24T10:02:27Z Effects of substituting rice straw with different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit and Manihot esculenta crantz leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population in goats 2015-12 Harun, Nur Liyana Akmal The leaves of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta are among good source of protein and its use in animal feed would further increase the nutritive value of poor quality feed. Generally, the presence of the anti-nutritive factors contained in both of the forages limit their usefulness as animal feed, but not in ruminant. Ruminant have a dynamic and complex rumen ecology that may have the ability to degrade the anti-nutritive factors contained in the L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves. Most of the previous studies are focused on the effect of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves on performances and health of the animal. Therefore, current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution rice straw with different level of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves on rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen microbial population in goats. Seven treatment groups; T1: concentrates (C)/rice straw (RS) (40:60) (Control); T2: C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:45:15); T3:C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:30:30); T4: C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:15:45); T5:C/RS/cassava leaves (40:45:15); T6:C/RS/cassava leaves (40:30:30) and T7: C/RS/cassava leaves (40:15:45) were used in this experiment. An in-vitro study was carried out to evaluate the effect of substitution of rice straw with different level of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves diet on rumen gas production and fermentation characteristics. In the in-vitro study, the production of propionate and IVDMD were significantly affected with the treatment diets (P<0.05). Propionate production was significantly increased meanwhile the percentages of IVDMD was decreased significantly with T2 showed the highest value in the propionate production and the lowest value of IVDMD. Similar observation were found among treatment diets in rumen pH, rumen ammonia, acetate,butyrate, total VFA production and total gas production of the in-vitro study. In the invivo study, 21 local Boer goats were randomly divided into seven diets and were placed in metabolic cages individually for a period of 7 days as an adjustment period followed by an administration diet period for 10 days. Urine samples were taken daily for 5 days period for urinary purine derivatives analysis and rumen samples were taken at day 10 for rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen microbial population quantification analysis. Result shown that propionate (P<0.05), butyrate (P<0.01), A to P ratio (P<0.05), total VFA production (P<0.01) were affected significantly among the treatment diets. The highest value of acetate, A to P ratio and total VFA were found in T2 with the lowest value of propionate. Supplementation of L. leucocephala and M.esculenta leaves diets demonstrated significant increase (P<0.01) in the production of rumen ammonia. There were no differences shown in the rumen pH and production of acetate. Urinary allantoin (P<0.05), xanthine (P<0.05), total PD (P<0.05), microbial purine absorbed (P<0.01) and microbial N supply (P<0.01) were affected significantly with T2 and T6 showed the highest value among the treatment diets whereas production of uric acid, hypoxanthine showed similar observation. In the microbial population study, the supplementation of L. leucocephala or M. esculenta leaves in the diet had increased the population of total protozoa and R. flavefacien significantly (P<0.05) with T4 and T7 showed the highest value, respectively. Meanwhile, the populations of R. albus, and F. succinogenes were significantly reduced (P<0.05) with T3 and T7 showed the lowest value, respectively. In conclusion, T2 (25% of L.leucocephala leaves) and T6 (50% of M. esculenta leaves) supplementation diet are suitable diet for goat consumption due to improvement in the VFA production, urinary purine derivative productions, microbial purine absorbed and microbial N supply with moderate amount rumen microbial population. Rumen fermentation Microbial populations Goats 2015-12 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/58641/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/58641/1/FP%202015%2050IR.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Rumen fermentation Microbial populations Goats

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