Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution

Rapid growth of population, urbanization and industrialization in Malaysia led to sharp increase in numbers of motor vehicles. Therefore motor oils are potential landbased sources that contributed to hydrocarbon pollution in Malaysia. Two-cycle lubricating oil (2T oil) is a lubricating base oil s...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Wong, Yoon Lee
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2005
Subjects:	Air - Pollution - Measurement Hydrocarbons - Research
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/6259/1/FPAS_2005_5.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-upm-ir.6259
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.62592023-10-19T01:49:28Z Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution 2005-07 Wong, Yoon Lee Rapid growth of population, urbanization and industrialization in Malaysia led to sharp increase in numbers of motor vehicles. Therefore motor oils are potential landbased sources that contributed to hydrocarbon pollution in Malaysia. Two-cycle lubricating oil (2T oil) is a lubricating base oil specially used in two-stroke motorcycle engines. Lubricating base oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons. This study focused on alkanes, hopanes and PAHs in 2T oil due to their importance as molecular markers and their combination would be a powerful tool to distinguish input, sources and transport pathway of hydrocarbon pollution. The objective of this study is to analyze alkanes, hopanes and PAHs from 2T oil. Alkanes, hopanes and PAHs fiom 2T oil were used as molecular markers and were applied for detectmg the sources of hydrocarbon pollution and the transport pathway of the 2T oil. Three kinds of commonly use fresh 2T oil samples were purchased fiom local market. Used 2T oil sample was collected with pre-cleaned cotton buds from twostroke motorcycles tail pipes at Central Parlung of Universiti Putra Malaysia. The cotton buds were rinsed with 3:l HexfDCM. The extract was fractionated and analyzed for PAHs, Hopanes and alkanes by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result indicates that used 2T oil contained much higher concentration of PAHs than fiesh 2T oil due to formation of PAHs in concentration during hlgh temperature combustion in the engine (Rafael, 1989). Application of the source identifiers, UCM, PrPh, CPI, C29/C30E, C3*< 35/C30, MPIP and WL-PAH suggested that hydrocarbon from fresh and used 2T oil both were contributing to the street dust and air particulate in some level of contamination through the exhaust of two-stroke motorcycles. Combination of the alkanes, hopanes and PAHs fingerprints comparison among fresh and used 2T oil, river, inshore, offshore, street dust and air particulate showed that both hydrocarbons fiom fresh and used 2T oil were sipficant in coastal environment of Malaysia and they had been potentially transported via street dust and air particulate. PAHs fiom 2T oil might be discharged to river and inshore coastal zone of Malaysia through street dust and air particulate via lateral and vertical transportation. Air - Pollution - Measurement Hydrocarbons - Research 2005-07 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/6259/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/6259/1/FPAS_2005_5.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Air - Pollution - Measurement Hydrocarbons - Research Faculty Environmental Studies Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
advisor	Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi
topic	Air - Pollution - Measurement Hydrocarbons - Research
spellingShingle	Air - Pollution - Measurement Hydrocarbons - Research Wong, Yoon Lee Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution
description	Rapid growth of population, urbanization and industrialization in Malaysia led to sharp increase in numbers of motor vehicles. Therefore motor oils are potential landbased sources that contributed to hydrocarbon pollution in Malaysia. Two-cycle lubricating oil (2T oil) is a lubricating base oil specially used in two-stroke motorcycle engines. Lubricating base oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons. This study focused on alkanes, hopanes and PAHs in 2T oil due to their importance as molecular markers and their combination would be a powerful tool to distinguish input, sources and transport pathway of hydrocarbon pollution. The objective of this study is to analyze alkanes, hopanes and PAHs from 2T oil. Alkanes, hopanes and PAHs fiom 2T oil were used as molecular markers and were applied for detectmg the sources of hydrocarbon pollution and the transport pathway of the 2T oil. Three kinds of commonly use fresh 2T oil samples were purchased fiom local market. Used 2T oil sample was collected with pre-cleaned cotton buds from twostroke motorcycles tail pipes at Central Parlung of Universiti Putra Malaysia. The cotton buds were rinsed with 3:l HexfDCM. The extract was fractionated and analyzed for PAHs, Hopanes and alkanes by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result indicates that used 2T oil contained much higher concentration of PAHs than fiesh 2T oil due to formation of PAHs in concentration during hlgh temperature combustion in the engine (Rafael, 1989). Application of the source identifiers, UCM, PrPh, CPI, C29/C30E, C3*< 35/C30, MPIP and WL-PAH suggested that hydrocarbon from fresh and used 2T oil both were contributing to the street dust and air particulate in some level of contamination through the exhaust of two-stroke motorcycles. Combination of the alkanes, hopanes and PAHs fingerprints comparison among fresh and used 2T oil, river, inshore, offshore, street dust and air particulate showed that both hydrocarbons fiom fresh and used 2T oil were sipficant in coastal environment of Malaysia and they had been potentially transported via street dust and air particulate. PAHs fiom 2T oil might be discharged to river and inshore coastal zone of Malaysia through street dust and air particulate via lateral and vertical transportation.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Wong, Yoon Lee
author_facet	Wong, Yoon Lee
author_sort	Wong, Yoon Lee
title	Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution
title_short	Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution
title_full	Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution
title_fullStr	Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution
title_full_unstemmed	Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution
title_sort	hopanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons from 21 2t oil as molecular markers for detecting the sources of hydrocarbon pollution
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty Environmental Studies
publishDate	2005
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/6259/1/FPAS_2005_5.pdf
_version_	1783725714789367808

Hopanes and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from 21 2t Oil as Molecular Markers for Detecting the Sources of Hydrocarbon Pollution

Similar Items