Toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in Sprague dawley rats
Rice is a nutritious staple food with health-promoting activity. Germination of rough rice (GRR) causes significant changes in several chemical compositions and bioactive compounds that might prevent or postpone the inception of cancer. This research was carried out to study the chemopreventiv...
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Saki, Elnaz Toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in Sprague dawley rats |
| description |
Rice is a nutritious staple food with health-promoting activity. Germination of rough rice
(GRR) causes significant changes in several chemical compositions and bioactive
compounds that might prevent or postpone the inception of cancer. This research was carried
out to study the chemopreventive properties of GRR crude extract in Sprague dawley rats
induced with azoxymethane. The antioxidant properties of GRR crude extract were
determined by TPC, ABTS, DDPH and FRAP assays. The level of antioxidant activity of
GRR crude extract as determined by TPC and FRAP assay was 105.75 and 69.16 (mg
GAE/g GRR crude extract), respectively. The level of antioxidant activity of GRR crude
extract as determined by ABTS and DDPH assay was 105.75 and 69.16 mg (Trolox
Equivalent/g GRR crude extract), respectively. The correlation between antioxidant assays
(ABTS, DDPH and FRAP) and total phenolic content was roughly high (R² = 0.9984) and
showed the antioxidant property of GRR crude extract. The cytotoxic effect of GRR crude
extract on HT29 cells after 72 hours was determined by MTT assay. IC50 value of GRR
crude extract was 43 μg/mL. For the acute toxicity study of GRR crude extract, the OECD
Guidelines 423 was followed. Forty male (6 weeks of age) Sprague dawley rats were divided
in 4 groups (n=5) which were (G1) 2000 mg/kg body weight (GRR crude extract (g)/body
weight of rat (kg)), (G2) 1500 mg/kg body weight, (G3) 500 mg/kg body weight and (G4)
distilled water alone. GRR crude extract was administered orally one time per week for 14
days. No evidence of toxicity attributable to the treatment with GRR crude extract was
observed based on the body and organ weight, hematological parameters and histological
evaluation. The sub-acute toxicity study of GRR crude extract followed OECD Guidelines
407. Fifteen male Sprague dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were divided in to 4 groups (n=5)
which were (G1) 2000 mg/kg body weight (GRR crude extract (g)/body weight of rat (kg)),
(G2) 1000 mg/kg body weight, (G3) 500 mg/kg body weight and (G4) distilled water alone.
GRR crude extract was administered orally one time daily for 8 weeks. No evidence of
toxicity attributable to the treatment with GRR crude extract was observed based on the body
and organ weight, hematological parameters and histological evaluation. For the
chemopreventive properties of GRR crude extract, fifty male Sprague dawley rats (6 weeks
of age) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10) which were (G1) positive control (with
AOM, unfed with GRR crude extract), (G2) with AOM, fed with 2000 mg/kg body weight
(GRR crude extract (g)/body weight of rat (kg)), (G3) with AOM, fed with 1000 mg/kg body
weight, (G4) with AOM, fed with 500 mg/kg body weight and (G5) negative control
(without AOM, unfed with GRR crude extract). In order to induce colon cancer, the rats
received two intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) in saline (15 mg/kg body
weight) for two subsequent weeks. Then, GRR crude extract was administrated orally once daily for eight weeks. Following the treatment, animals were sacrificed. Colons and all the
organs (liver, kidney, lung, heart and spleen) were removed and weighed. Colonic aberrant
crypt foci (ACF) were evaluated histopathologically. Treatment with 2000 mg/kg GRR
crude extract gave the greatest reduction in the formation of ACF (p<0.05). From the
histological classification of ACF, treatment with 2000 mg/kg GRR crude extract also had
the highest percentage of non-dysplastic ACF. Expression of β-catenin was determined by
Western blot analysis. The highest dose of GRR crude extract (2000 mg/kg (GRR crude
extract (g)/ body weight of rat (kg)) showed the lowest level of β-catenin expression. In
summary, GRR crude extract was not toxic to the animals and exhibited chemopreventive
properties in rats induced with azoxymethane. GRR crude extract can be a promising dietary
supplement component that might prevent or postpone the inception of cancer. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_level |
Master's degree |
| author |
Saki, Elnaz |
| author_facet |
Saki, Elnaz |
| author_sort |
Saki, Elnaz |
| title |
Toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in Sprague dawley rats |
| title_short |
Toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in Sprague dawley rats |
| title_full |
Toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in Sprague dawley rats |
| title_fullStr |
Toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in Sprague dawley rats |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in Sprague dawley rats |
| title_sort |
toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in sprague dawley rats |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64010/1/IB%202015%2010IR.pdf |
| _version_ |
1747812282208878592 |
| spelling |
my-upm-ir.640102018-05-22T06:53:59Z Toxicological evaluation of germinated rough rice crude extract and its chemopreventive effects in inhibitting azoxymethane-induced abberant crypt foci formation in Sprague dawley rats 2015-06 Saki, Elnaz Rice is a nutritious staple food with health-promoting activity. Germination of rough rice (GRR) causes significant changes in several chemical compositions and bioactive compounds that might prevent or postpone the inception of cancer. This research was carried out to study the chemopreventive properties of GRR crude extract in Sprague dawley rats induced with azoxymethane. The antioxidant properties of GRR crude extract were determined by TPC, ABTS, DDPH and FRAP assays. The level of antioxidant activity of GRR crude extract as determined by TPC and FRAP assay was 105.75 and 69.16 (mg GAE/g GRR crude extract), respectively. The level of antioxidant activity of GRR crude extract as determined by ABTS and DDPH assay was 105.75 and 69.16 mg (Trolox Equivalent/g GRR crude extract), respectively. The correlation between antioxidant assays (ABTS, DDPH and FRAP) and total phenolic content was roughly high (R² = 0.9984) and showed the antioxidant property of GRR crude extract. The cytotoxic effect of GRR crude extract on HT29 cells after 72 hours was determined by MTT assay. IC50 value of GRR crude extract was 43 μg/mL. For the acute toxicity study of GRR crude extract, the OECD Guidelines 423 was followed. Forty male (6 weeks of age) Sprague dawley rats were divided in 4 groups (n=5) which were (G1) 2000 mg/kg body weight (GRR crude extract (g)/body weight of rat (kg)), (G2) 1500 mg/kg body weight, (G3) 500 mg/kg body weight and (G4) distilled water alone. GRR crude extract was administered orally one time per week for 14 days. No evidence of toxicity attributable to the treatment with GRR crude extract was observed based on the body and organ weight, hematological parameters and histological evaluation. The sub-acute toxicity study of GRR crude extract followed OECD Guidelines 407. Fifteen male Sprague dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were divided in to 4 groups (n=5) which were (G1) 2000 mg/kg body weight (GRR crude extract (g)/body weight of rat (kg)), (G2) 1000 mg/kg body weight, (G3) 500 mg/kg body weight and (G4) distilled water alone. GRR crude extract was administered orally one time daily for 8 weeks. No evidence of toxicity attributable to the treatment with GRR crude extract was observed based on the body and organ weight, hematological parameters and histological evaluation. For the chemopreventive properties of GRR crude extract, fifty male Sprague dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10) which were (G1) positive control (with AOM, unfed with GRR crude extract), (G2) with AOM, fed with 2000 mg/kg body weight (GRR crude extract (g)/body weight of rat (kg)), (G3) with AOM, fed with 1000 mg/kg body weight, (G4) with AOM, fed with 500 mg/kg body weight and (G5) negative control (without AOM, unfed with GRR crude extract). In order to induce colon cancer, the rats received two intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) in saline (15 mg/kg body weight) for two subsequent weeks. Then, GRR crude extract was administrated orally once daily for eight weeks. Following the treatment, animals were sacrificed. Colons and all the organs (liver, kidney, lung, heart and spleen) were removed and weighed. Colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were evaluated histopathologically. Treatment with 2000 mg/kg GRR crude extract gave the greatest reduction in the formation of ACF (p<0.05). From the histological classification of ACF, treatment with 2000 mg/kg GRR crude extract also had the highest percentage of non-dysplastic ACF. Expression of β-catenin was determined by Western blot analysis. The highest dose of GRR crude extract (2000 mg/kg (GRR crude extract (g)/ body weight of rat (kg)) showed the lowest level of β-catenin expression. In summary, GRR crude extract was not toxic to the animals and exhibited chemopreventive properties in rats induced with azoxymethane. GRR crude extract can be a promising dietary supplement component that might prevent or postpone the inception of cancer. 2015-06 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64010/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64010/1/IB%202015%2010IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia |