Individual, familial and extrafamilial factors of suicidal ideation among adolescents in Selangor, Malaysia
Suicide phenomenon has become the leading cause of death worldwide especially among adolescents. Prior to committing suicide, suicidal ideation occurs. Suicidal ideation refers to the thoughts or desires to end one’s own life. In Malaysia, suicide cases are increasing rapidly, yet little resea...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66757/1/FEM%202016%2051%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Suicide phenomenon has become the leading cause of death worldwide
especially among adolescents. Prior to committing suicide, suicidal ideation
occurs. Suicidal ideation refers to the thoughts or desires to end one’s own life.
In Malaysia, suicide cases are increasing rapidly, yet little research has been
done especially among adolescents. In addition, past research mostly focus on
psychiatric patients in clinical settings. Therefore, the current study was
conducted to investigate the individual, familial and extrafamilial factors of
suicidal ideation among adolescents in Selangor, Malaysia.
This study is quantitative in nature and utilized a descriptive and correlational
research design. Survey method was used to collect the data. A total of 682
school-going adolescents aged 14 to 17 were recruited as respondents by using
multistage cluster sampling technique. Data from the self-administered
questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS. Six instruments were administered
in this study namely the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory,
Network of Relationships Inventory-Relationship Quality Version, Children’s
Hope Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, and
Satisfaction with Life Scale. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics were
used in data analysis to address the specific objectives of the study.
This study found that 60% of the respondents reported having suicidal thoughts.
Findings from the ANOVA tests showed that there were no ethnic groups
differences in suicidal ideation among adolescents. Moreover, the independent
samples t-test analysis indicated no sex differences in suicidal ideation among
adolescents. The independent samples t-test analysis also revealed that there
were significant differences among adolescents with and without suicidal
ideation in terms of hope, stress, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, maternal,
paternal, peer and teacher relationship. Adolescents with suicidal ideation had lower level of hope, self-efficacy and life satisfaction. They also experienced
higher level of stress, and more negativity with their mother, father, peer, and
teacher.
Binary logistic regression highlighted that stress, life satisfaction, paternal and
peer relationship were the unique predictors of suicidal ideation among
adolescents. Stress was the strongest predictor, followed by life satisfaction,
peer relationship, and lastly paternal relationship.
Parallel multiple mediator analysis using SPSS PROCESS macro by Preacher
and Hayes (2004) indicated that only stress partially mediated the relationships
between maternal, paternal, and peer relationship with suicidal ideation. This
showed that maternal, paternal and peer relationships not only directly affect
suicidal ideation, but also indirectly affect suicidal ideation through stress. Stress
appeared to be the only mediator in this study indicating stress as the most
important factor of suicidal ideation among adolescents as stress explained the
relationship between maternal, paternal and peer relationships with suicidal
ideation.
The integrated investigation on the individual factors (hope, stress, self-efficacy
and life satisfaction), familial factors (maternal and paternal relationship), and
extrafamilial factors (peer and teacher relationship) provide insights on the
factors affecting suicidal ideation among adolescents. The findings from this
study implied the seriousness of suicidal ideation and the critical contribution of
stress in suicidal ideation among adolescents in Selangor, Malaysia. Both
familial and extrafamilial factors may also contribute to suicidal ideation.
Therefore, to reduce suicidal ideation among adolescents, individuals and
professional working with adolescents must focus on stress management in
order to provide adolescents with the necessary skills needed to survive in this
challenging society. Parents also need to be equipped with the appropriate skills
to establish a more quality relationship with their children. Lastly, adolescents
need to improve their social skills to aquire a better relationship with their peers. |
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