Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English

There are idioms in Nigerian English which came about as a result of both cultural and linguistic influences of the users of English in Nigeria. A greater portion of the research conducted in English idioms are either on native speakers use and acquisition; or on non-native speakers use and ac...

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Main Author:	Muhammad, Umar Aliyu
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	English language - Idioms - Nigeria English language - Study and teaching - Foreign speakers - Nigeria
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66774/1/FBMK%202016%2034%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.66774
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spelling	my-upm-ir.667742019-01-31T07:59:43Z Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English 2016-07 Muhammad, Umar Aliyu There are idioms in Nigerian English which came about as a result of both cultural and linguistic influences of the users of English in Nigeria. A greater portion of the research conducted in English idioms are either on native speakers use and acquisition; or on non-native speakers use and acquisition of idioms in Standard English; but not on non-native speakers use and acquisition of idioms in non native varieties of English. In fact even studies Nigerian English have tended to discuss the variety holistically without any particular attention to idioms. Moreover, the existing corpora and idiom dictionaries of English do not feature idioms from L2 varieties of English. This research work is a modest attempt to address this dearth of research. The main aim is to identify, from a corpus of written materials, idioms in context in the variety of English in use in Nigeria with a view to understanding their unique structure/use and the contribution of indigenous languages to this. The word sense disambiguation (WSD) by Hashimoto and Kawahara (2009) was adapted and used to identify idioms in sixty issues from two major newspaper titles in Nigeria – the Daily Trust and the Vanguard. This source base was augmented by other sources like novels and articles written about idioms. A total of 2,212 idiom samples were identified. This number was converted to 1,415 idiom tokens by removing repetitions and conjugations. To isolate the idioms unique to Nigerian English the tokens were checked in five English idiom dictionaries and two web corpora. After this checking it was concluded that the use and structure of 174 idioms were unique to Nigerian English. With accommodation theory and Muysken’s Quadrangled model providing the theoretical basis, the analysis of the result shows that the indigenous languages have contributed in shaping both the structure and use of idioms in Nigerian English. The usage pattern which shows that more idioms are used in the south of Nigeria than in the north can be explained by the accommodation principles of convergence, divergence and maintenance. The unique structure of some idioms can be explained by Muysken’s quadrangled model of languages in contact. There are idioms that can be found across most varieties of English, there are also idioms that have been modified from their original forms as a result of the Nigerian linguistic environment. All these point to a vibrant and interesting circumstance in which much more insight can be gained in the study of Nigerian English. This research work shows that there are actually idioms unique to Nigerian English and their number is substantial enough to warrant the publication of a dictionary of idioms in Nigerian English. The compilation of a corpus for Nigerian English is thus feasible especially with an expanded data base. English language - Idioms - Nigeria English language - Study and teaching - Foreign speakers - Nigeria 2016-07 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66774/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66774/1/FBMK%202016%2034%20IR.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia English language - Idioms - Nigeria English language - Study and teaching - Foreign speakers - Nigeria
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	English language - Idioms - Nigeria English language - Study and teaching - Foreign speakers - Nigeria
spellingShingle	English language - Idioms - Nigeria English language - Study and teaching - Foreign speakers - Nigeria Muhammad, Umar Aliyu Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English
description	There are idioms in Nigerian English which came about as a result of both cultural and linguistic influences of the users of English in Nigeria. A greater portion of the research conducted in English idioms are either on native speakers use and acquisition; or on non-native speakers use and acquisition of idioms in Standard English; but not on non-native speakers use and acquisition of idioms in non native varieties of English. In fact even studies Nigerian English have tended to discuss the variety holistically without any particular attention to idioms. Moreover, the existing corpora and idiom dictionaries of English do not feature idioms from L2 varieties of English. This research work is a modest attempt to address this dearth of research. The main aim is to identify, from a corpus of written materials, idioms in context in the variety of English in use in Nigeria with a view to understanding their unique structure/use and the contribution of indigenous languages to this. The word sense disambiguation (WSD) by Hashimoto and Kawahara (2009) was adapted and used to identify idioms in sixty issues from two major newspaper titles in Nigeria – the Daily Trust and the Vanguard. This source base was augmented by other sources like novels and articles written about idioms. A total of 2,212 idiom samples were identified. This number was converted to 1,415 idiom tokens by removing repetitions and conjugations. To isolate the idioms unique to Nigerian English the tokens were checked in five English idiom dictionaries and two web corpora. After this checking it was concluded that the use and structure of 174 idioms were unique to Nigerian English. With accommodation theory and Muysken’s Quadrangled model providing the theoretical basis, the analysis of the result shows that the indigenous languages have contributed in shaping both the structure and use of idioms in Nigerian English. The usage pattern which shows that more idioms are used in the south of Nigeria than in the north can be explained by the accommodation principles of convergence, divergence and maintenance. The unique structure of some idioms can be explained by Muysken’s quadrangled model of languages in contact. There are idioms that can be found across most varieties of English, there are also idioms that have been modified from their original forms as a result of the Nigerian linguistic environment. All these point to a vibrant and interesting circumstance in which much more insight can be gained in the study of Nigerian English. This research work shows that there are actually idioms unique to Nigerian English and their number is substantial enough to warrant the publication of a dictionary of idioms in Nigerian English. The compilation of a corpus for Nigerian English is thus feasible especially with an expanded data base.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Muhammad, Umar Aliyu
author_facet	Muhammad, Umar Aliyu
author_sort	Muhammad, Umar Aliyu
title	Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English
title_short	Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English
title_full	Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English
title_fullStr	Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English
title_full_unstemmed	Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English
title_sort	structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written nigerian english
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2016
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66774/1/FBMK%202016%2034%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812405068431360

Structure and use of idiomatic expressions in written Nigerian English

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