Microbiota profile of Malaysian kefir grain and anti-metastatic effects of kefir water in murine breast cancer cells
Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women where metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer death. For years, a cure for cancer is still being researched on and the inhibition of metastasis cascade is one of the goals. The association of functional food such as probiotics with cancer the...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66845/1/FBSB%202016%2033%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women where metastasis is the major cause of
breast cancer death. For years, a cure for cancer is still being researched on and the
inhibition of metastasis cascade is one of the goals. The association of functional food
such as probiotics with cancer therapy has become an emerging field of study. Kefir is
a uniquely cultured product and traditionally used as a daily serving in Eastern Europe
for its health benefits. Reports have shown that kefir has health-promoting benefits
such as giving rise to antioxidants, stimulates immune response and possesses antitumor
properties. Recently, it has gained popularity in Asian countries including
Malaysia. This study aims to detect microbial diversity present in kefir grain using 16S
metagenomic approach, evaluates its antioxidant potential and assesses the antimetastatic
effect of kefir towards murine breast cancer model in vitro and in vivo. The
microbial diversity in kefir water was determined by using Next-Generation
Sequencing (NGS) and antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant
potential of kefir water. In vitro and in vivo anti-metastasis studies of 4T1 murine
breast cancer cells were further investigated. Lactobacillus genus was the dominant
genus detected in the kefir grain where the predominant species was L. kefiranofaciens
while L. kefiri was the second in abundance. Kefir water displayed prominent
antioxidant activities and gallic acid (0.816 0.11 μg/mg) was detected in the HPLC
profile. Kefir water was cytotoxic towards 4T1 cells in vitro and further in vitro
assessment on metastasis was evaluated using wound healing assay, in vitro migration
and invasion assay and mouse aortic ring assay. In the murine model, a significant
reduction in tumor size and weight (0.910.21 g) and a substantial increase in helper T
cells (5-fold) and cytotoxic T cells (7-fold) were observed in the kefir water–treated
group. The mechanism of action of kefir water was further demonstrated at the
molecular level by conducting real time polymerase chain reaction and proteomic
profiler. These findings suggest that kefir water contains largely Lactobacillus species
and possesses antioxidant property. Kefir water inhibited tumor proliferation in vitro
and in vivo mainly through cancer cell apoptosis, immunomodulation by stimulating T
helper cells and cytotoxic T cells, and anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, and
antiangiogenesis effects. This study brought out the potential of the probiotic beverage
kefir water in cancer treatment. |
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