Awareness and perception on agriculture fresh produce traceability among producers and wholesalers in Malaysia
Agriculture is the third engine of economic growth in Malaysia. Agriculture has been taken seriously by the Malaysian government as they made a National Agriculture Policy and follow by Agro-Food Policy and food safety is one of the eighth (8th) main ideas to perform the Agro-Food Policy. The gov...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/67641/1/FP%202016%2069%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Agriculture is the third engine of economic growth in Malaysia. Agriculture has been
taken seriously by the Malaysian government as they made a National Agriculture
Policy and follow by Agro-Food Policy and food safety is one of the eighth (8th) main
ideas to perform the Agro-Food Policy. The government emphasized in safety food
product especially fresh fruits and vegetables for higher and better quality and to meet
the food safety standards, thus allowing access to premium markets in the Middle East
and Europe. The traceability can be one of the methods that could trace products from
produced stage until market. In order to implement the traceability among the product
and wholesaler in Malaysia, the respective department or agencies need to know the
level of awareness and knowledge among the implementers. Awareness and
knowledge are required for the implementer to make a judgment whether the
traceability will be benefited to them and it will result the behaviour. In many agencies,
it is still to gather information and strengthen the concept of practicality. However, the
responsible department and agencies are working for the implementing food chain
traceability in the sector of agriculture. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify
the awareness and knowledge of producers and wholesalers in traceability of fresh
products. The specific objectives for this study were to describe selected demographic
characteristic of the producers and wholesaler, to identify the level of awareness and
knowledge of producer and wholesaler in food safety, food supply chain and
traceability, to clarify the relationship between socio demographic factors with level
of awareness and knowledge of traceability and to examine the factors that influences
the producers and wholesalers for accepting concept of traceability. This study was
used the Theory of Applied Behaviour and behaviour of human contributors in relation
to the behavioural intention. A total of 200 respondent among selected farmers and
wholesalers (involve in fresh product) were selected to obtain their opinions towards
traceability in fresh fruits and vegetables. The quantitative method was used in this
study that was involved for numerical data in which survey method through face to
face interview using structure questionnaire. This study was conducted in to two states which were Johor and Pahang for producers and Selangor for wholesale. In this study,
descriptive analysis, Chi-Square, factor analysis methods were applied. From the
descriptive analysis, majority of the fresh producers were male with the age between
41 to 50 years old. Most of them were having secondary school. Their annual income
was less than RM 100, 000 and has been involved in the farming for about 1 to 10
years. However, for the fresh wholesalers, majority of them were male at the age
between 41 to 50 years old and were have secondary school education. In addition,
majority of the respondents have annual income less than RM100, 000. Most of them
have 21 to 30 years of experience in conducting a business.
The producer and wholesaler mostly were involved as an individual. They also
produced and market more in vegetables as compared to fruits. Market area for
producer in district and state contributed more than 50% of their marketing strategy.
However, for the wholesaler, their marketing area was around Peninsular Malaysia
which was contributed more than 50% of their marketing area. In the aspect
traceability on their product, only 15% of producer put batch number on their
packaging and only 1% have a bar code on their packaging. Moreover, only 27%of
the wholesalers put a batch number on their packaging and none of them had bar code
on their packaging. It shows that, the availability of tracing their products was very
low. Based from the results, the level of awareness and knowledge for food safety and
supply chain was high for each group of respondents. It means that the producers and
wholesalers know the importance in producing a safe vegetables and fruits for the
consumers and they took the responsibilities for producing safe foods. They also know
well about supply chain throughout the process, start with food production in farm
level until the distribution to the consumer. However the level of awareness and
knowledge towards traceability among producer and wholesaler was moderate. It
shows that the available information about traceability was low and the government
agencies were not taking serious part about tracing back and forward of each product
which is available in the market. The Chi-square analysis results showed that in
producers’ perspectives, income and education level have significant relationships
with the producers’ intentions to accept the traceability on fresh produce. From the
wholesalers’ perspective, the result suggests that income in business have significant
different relationship with intentions of traceability acceptance. The factor analysis
was extracted the factors that influence in attention of traceability producers’
perspectives, six (6) factors were extracted namely “business profile”, “market
channel”, “financial”, “reputation”, “policy” and “infrastructure”. On the wholesalers’
perspectives, five (5) factors were extracted which are “financial”, “business profile”,
‘reputation’, ‘market channel’ and “infrastructure”. All of these factors were identified
as it can create implementation intention amongst producers and wholesalers to
perform implementation behaviour towards the traceability. Future research is
recommended to conduct study on every stakeholder in supply chain including
retailers, exporters and transporters in order to know their attitude, perception,
knowledge and awareness of traceability practices on fresh produce so that they can
comply with international standards and market requirements. |
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